Chiraggrp20015 2B

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Summary of Proposal Inclusions: 1. Self-assessment (by ticking the boxes of a given checklist) 2. Project Title 3. Abstract 4. The need and significance of the study 5. The research questions and objectives: 6. Summary, and theme tables based on ten annotated PDF sources (annotated PDF files to be included in the shared folder) 7. Preliminary literature review with themes subheadings based on the theme matrix. 8. Research Methodology, including data collection instrument 9. Project management implementation plan including risk register, stakeholder analysis and MS Project Gantt chart. 10. Conclusion, limitations and expected outcomes and implications 11. Reflective & contribution statement by each group member (300-500 words): explain your contribution to the group work and evaluate group dynamics and summarise experiences, feelings, and reactions in completing this unit and approaches to deal with incurred risks or delays and comment on the resources or feedback you found to be helpful or unhelpful in completing the assessment tasks. 12. A hyperlink to the OneDrive shared folder with screenshots of the content of the main folder and group members sub-folders. 13. References | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 1

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik RESEARCH PROPOSAL SELF ASSESSMENT You must tick the boxes of the below checklist (Replace the empty box with a ticked box for each item you have complied with) The research topic ☑ Does it summarise the main idea of my proposed research in an exciting way in no less than 10- 15 words? ☑ Can it stand alone? Is it fully explanatory? Need and Significance ☑ Do I provide a brief description of my proposed research? ☑ Do I explain how the results of my research will advance the general understanding of this topic? ☑ Do I explain how the results of my research fill a knowledge gap? Research questions and objectives ☑ Do I have a formal and clear statement of my proposed research questions and objectives? ☑ Are my research questions aligned with the rationale and relevant reviewed literature? ☑ Do my research questions and objectives connect? Are they logical, researchable, achievable, and ethical? Preliminary Literature review ☑ Have I included screenshots of annotated pdf sources? ☑ Have I developed included summary and theme matrix tables based on annotations? ☑ Is the literature review based on summary and theme matrix tables? ☑ Does my literature review justify my research questions? ☑ Does my literature review identify gaps, shortcomings, and limitations in existing research giving context to my study? ☑ Do I demonstrate a thorough and current understanding of the peer-reviewed literature relating to my topic? Research methodology, methods, ethics and limitations. ☑ Do I explain the approach I intend to use to solve the challenge in my study? Is it explicit and well thought out? ☑ Are both my research approach and methods tied to my research questions and objectives? ☑ Does both my approach and methods show an understanding of relevant reviewed literature? | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 2

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik ☑ Are my procedures well organised and clearly described? ☑ Do I discuss how confidentiality of participants and their responses will be maintained? (if applicable) ☑ Have I explained the scope boundaries and exclusions of my research? ☑ Have I included the data collection instrument? Project management ☑ Does my project schedule name all key activities and milestones for specific achievements? And does it pertain to the objectives I have set out to achieve? ☑ Is my project schedule developed using MS Project and does it include a minimum of 15 activities? ☑ Is my schedule manageable and realistic? Do I allow adequate time for completion of each activity? ☑ Is the sequence for completion logical? ☑ Are all budget and resource requirements assigned to project activities? ☑ Are the key risks well identified and analysed? ☑ Have I completed the responsibility matrix? ☑ Are the key stakeholders well identified and analysed? ☑ Are my procedures for data management clearly described? Contribution & reflective statements: ☑ Have I included my reflective and contribution statement? ☑ Is the statement personalised and does it include all requirements? Artefact submission,  Have I provided all documents needed in the OneDrive folder including members contributions & artefacts under sub-folders?  Have I provided the hyperlink of the shared folder with a screenshot of the content.  Have I provided the recording of group meetings and communications?  Have I included all research data, annotated articles, earlier drafts, communications, etc.?  Have I organised and named the folders properly? | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 3

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik References and Presentation ☑ Have I provided cover page and abstract as per requirements? ☑ Have I had my work checked by Studiosity and ALC before submission? ☑ Is my language clear enough and free from typos and grammatical errors? ☑ Do I provide a list of cited references that are current and relevant? ☑ Am I using Harvard style in the reference list and in-text referencing? ☑ Have I followed all other instructions for submissions? | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 4

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Research Project Topic “Construction productivity improvement: Analyzing innovative methods and technologies that can enhance productivity in the construction industry and their impact on project delivery” . Abstract The construction process is undergoing significant changes due to the rapid advancements in construction technologies. Technological improvements have led to a substantial increase in productivity and notable enhancements in working conditions. Individuals within the construction sector, or those aspiring to pursue a career in this field, would be well to remain updated on technical advancements and acknowledge their significance. This report aims to elucidate the construction process by providing a comprehensive description, analysing its associated advantages, and presenting illustrative instances. It has been finding that the collaborative nature of construction projects presents challenges due to the expansive scale of construction sites and the multitude of personnel involved in decision-making processes. The utilisation of collaboration and communication technologies possesses the capacity to enhance the process of decision making and diminish the duration of decision cycles. Tools such as the one mentioned facilitate the maintenance of current information among all project stakeholders. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 5

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik 1. The need and significance of the study The study is focused on evaluating the innovative methods and technology that could be helpful for enhancing the overall productivity and project delivery in the construction industry. The evaluation will be made on 10 articles with the relevancy from scoopers database which will be evaluated using summary table and theme Matrix analysis. Both of these frameworks are helpful for identifying relevance uses, finding and aims of these articles that give more effective knowledge about the study topic. Results from the summary table and matrix are indicating that in order to improve the project delivery and performance of the construction industry, inclusion of advanced technology and tools are highly important as they would offer positive operational efficiency and reduce cost. It indicates that the construction productivity can be enhanced using appropriate technology and performance tools. The topic of construction productivity improvement with innovative methods and technology to enhance the productivity and project delivery in the construction industry is a very effective subject. The study will be covering all different aspects associated with construction management using innovative methods and technology. Construction industry and its operations are very wide due to that, it is essential to pay attention to effectiveness for bringing more positive outcomes with successful implementation of these technologies. The study is helpful for identifying that in order to improve productivity, there are several factors that need to be evaluated because they make a significant impact on the performance of labor operations and overall company in the industry. Along with that, the study will focus on effective uses of technology in certain operations of the construction activities for improving the enhancement of the activities which helps to improve the activities management of the companies. 2. Summary and theme matrix tables 2.1. Summary table Sr. No. Full citation Research aim Research Question Research design Key findings Limitations Relevance 1 Abioye, S O, Oyedele, L O, Akanbi, L, Ajayi, A, Delgado, J M D, Bilal, M The aim of the article is to evaluate the opportunities and What are the areas of application of artificial The data was collected through literature sources The article is indicating that The study is only It is highly relevant as | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 6

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik & Ahmed, A 2021, ‘Artificial intelligence in the construction industry: A review of present status, opportunities and future challenges’, Journal of Building Engineering , Vol. 44 , no. 1, p.103299. https://www.sciencedirect.c om/science/article/pii/S235 2710221011578 challenges associated with using artificial intelligence technology in the construction industry. intelligence in the construction industry? What are the future opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence application in the construction industry? from the scoups database from 1960 to 2020 for around six decades. the uses of AI would make the data evaluation easier that helps to improve the overall decision making. completed with English language available sources which is why not all the challenges of artificial intelligence for the industry have been evaluated. the AI is helpful to manage diversified requiremen ts of the constructio n industry. 2 Alaloul, W S, Liew, M S, Zawawi, N A W A & Kennedy, I B 2020, ‘Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the construction industry: Challenges and opportunities for stakeholders’, Ain shams engineering journal , Vol. 11 , no. 1, pp. 225-230. https://www.sciencedirect.c om/science/article/pii/S209 The article aims to identify the industrial revolution 4.0 trends and opportunities for stakeholders in the construction industry. What are the challenges and opportunities associated with industrial revolution 4.0 for stakeholders in the construction industry? The data was collected through literature review with the relevant resources and a survey with questionnaire. It has been identified that trends of automation and uses of ICT are very helpful in terms of bringing more positive opportunities The article is focused on industrial revolution 4.0 however it is not effective for small and medium size enterprises in the construction Industrial revolution is effective to offer good understandi ng about the changing requiremen ts of the | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 7

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik 0447919301157 for improving the activities management of the construction industry. industry. company. 3 Babalola, O, Ibem, E O & Ezema, I C 2019, ‘Implementation of lean practices in the construction industry: A systematic review’, Building and environment , Vol. 148 , pp. 34-43. https://core.ac.uk/downloa d/pdf/322886976.pdf The article is aiming to effectively identify the implementation of lean practices and its impact on the construction industry. What are the implementation impacts of lean practices on the construction industry? The data has been selected with secondary data collection sources including 102 documents which were published from 1996 to 2018. The article helps to identify that lean practices are very helpful for offering good prospects in terms of enhancing the productivity into the construction industry that helps to achieve better sustainability to the The limitation of the study is that it does not mainly offer information about the implementatio n of lean practices challenges for businesses. Practices and overall benefits such as better designing and engineering control and planning along with enhanced productivit y are some of the effective areas that are highly | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 8

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik practices. relevant with risk manageme nt. 4 Davila Delgado, J M, Oyedele, L, Beach, T & Demian, P 2020, ‘Augmented and virtual reality in construction: drivers and limitations for industry adoption’, Journal of construction engineering and management , Vol. 146 , no. 7, pp. 04020079. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id /eprint/128260/1/Beach %20T%20- %20Augmented%20and %20Virtual%20Reality %20in%20Construction %20 .... pdf The article is focused on identifying the augmented and virtual reality adoption in the construction industry along with evaluation of influencing drivers and limitations. What are the drivers and limitations of the adoption process for augmentation and virtual reality in the construction industry? Mixed method has been used which indicates that both quantitative and qualitative methods are used for collecting and analyzing the data. 8 focus groups including 54 experts along with an online questionnaire survey were used. The virtual and augmentation based technology are effective to improve customer services and connectivity with them as they can take visual understanding about the project which improves their performance. The article is focused on drivers and limitations of adoption of augmented in virtual reality however it does not offer the clear role of these technologies for enhancing construction activities. The study is highly relevant as it is helpful to bring more positive manageme nt of influences of industry. 5 Ghaffar, S H, Burman, M & Braimah, N 2020, The article is focused on identifying the requirement of What are the integration strategies in construction The data was collected via semi structured The article is helpful to This article does not The article is based on | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 9

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik ‘Pathways to circular construction: An integrated management of construction and demolition waste for resource recovery’, Journal of cleaner production , Vol. 244 , no. 1, pp.118710. https://www.sciencedirect.c om/science/article/pii/S095 9652619335802 integrated management in the construction industry in the context of resource recovery with demolition wastage. for better resources recovery in demolition waste? interviews to the demolition companies employees in industry. identify effective technology that could be useful for demolition based management and better resource recovery which helps to improve the overall construction industry performance. contribute towards effective integrated management for other aspects of the construction industry rather than demolition waste management. the integration strategies that is effective to improve the pre work activities at site. 6 Maskuriy, R, Selamat, A, Maresova, P, Krejcar, O & David, O O 2019, ‘Industry 4.0 for the construction industry: Review of management perspective’, Economies , V ol. 7 , no. 3, pp. 68. The article is mainly aiming to evaluate the management perspective in context of industry 4.0 revolution in the construction industry. What is the interconnection between the 4.0 revolutions for the construction industry? The study is completed with secondary data collection sources including relevant studies. The study helps to identify that industry 4.0 revolution is mainly based on technology It does not discuss the challenges associated with the implementatio n of The findings are highly relevant as it helps to office the revolution | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 10

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik https://www.mdpi.com/222 7-7099/7/3/68 and innovations which are highly helpful for reproving the capacity of construction activities for successful completion of the project. innovation and technology based structure for the organizations in construction companies especially for different large and medium scale projects. into the trends about industry 4.0 in constructio n industry are discussed in the article. 7 Stanitsas, M, Kirytopoulos, K & Leopoulos, V 2021, ‘Integrating sustainability indicators into project management: The case of construction industry’, Journal of Cleaner Production , Vol. 279 , no. 1, pp. 123774. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.clo udfront.net/64660997/1- The article focuses on identifying and evaluating different integrating sustainability indicators for better project management in the construction industry. What are the integrating sustainability indicators for project management in the construction industry? The data has been collected by the systematic literature review along with the semi structured interview that helps to identify 82 sustainability indicators. The findings of the article indicated towards a total of 82 sustainability indicators that are divided into environment The article is not effectively present in the impact of these indicators and associated risk along with their mitigation It is highly relevant with the topic as it is offering better sustainabili ty performanc e on the | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 11

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik s2.0-S0959652620338191- main-libre.pdf? 1602522607=&response- content-disposition=inline %3B+filename %3DIntegrating_sustainabi lity_indicators_in.pdf&Exp ires=1693918390&Signatu re=EQwt- LHLfAzZ53NCM~WUN4 HxNREfHMiFoBkZd47oh k3juu6ezSw3eXAX3AhuQ raFm- ~uaa786uLqlGxqHhXOYs CWyUIVveVOBMHAsQ2 zQ4swqHOL- 0OLBezWvAillK37GBzc UwkHQdOUnilFRCSD0z R2mOxf0oB1sK- a9r~HgVe7kaKQ4~nXDG gWQZzN5gzDHRD3nR4q 5cXHcuGKvX2owfyhVzC L4gnBtyaerqFbSeZrmScp u7NGUQD37OqiTswslRF NBZDNzbPYRQH8abjrN 8XuqPCBV9MMuRJBs2V and social categories. strategies for the construction projects. basis of these indicators which also improves successful completion of the constructio n projects. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 12

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik KEr0TUeR10l- lkk3zG2WgXLdzLs1RRd~ Kw1iY7cCNE- JCdg__&Key-Pair- Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLR BV4ZA 8 Goodrum, PM, Zhai, D & Yasin, MF 2009 ‘Relationship between changes in material technology and construction productivity’, Journal of construction engineering and management , vol. 135, no. 4, pp.278-287. https://www.scopus.com/ record/display.uri?eid=2- s2.0- 62549118247&origin=re sultslist&sort=plf- f&cite=2-s2.0- 62549118247&src=s&nl o=&nlr=&nls=&imp=t&si d=7ba2d465c4471dbaa The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between construction industry productivity and material based technology. What is the interconnectivity between material technology and construction productivity? The study has been completed using statistical analysis and Anova and regression analysis methods. The findings about labor productivity and its connectivity are not much defined in different aspects. The study is not able to meet the objective that affects accuracy of the project. It is helpful for evaluating and meeting the skilled labor ratio in the constructio n activities. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 13

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik 793a611e78c20f3&sot= cite&sdt=a&sl=0 9 Ruuska, A & Häkkinen, T 2014, ‘Material efficiency of building construction’, Buildings , 4 (3), pp.266-294. https://www.scopus.com/ record/display.uri?eid=2- s2.0- 84937038893&origin=re sultslist&sort=plf- f&cite=2-s2.0- 62549118247&src=s&im p=t&sid=ba507c394249 5b5764de044def606c27 &sot=cite&sdt=a&sl=0&r elpos=44&citeCnt=68&s earchTerm= The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of material efficiency on the construction of buildings. What are the impacts of material efficiency on construction buildings? Extensive literature review and a case study method has been used for collecting information. The study indicated that with effective material Management it would be effective for bringing higher efficiency in performance. The limitation is associated with breakdown of the major calculation that helps to prevent calculating from direct impact on global industry. It is highly relevant as it helps to understand the different outflows that make an impact on the constructio n industry productivit y. 10 Goodrum, PM, Haas, CT & Glover, RW 2002, ‘The divergence in aggregate and activity estimates of US construction The study is focused on evaluating leave measures of productivity in the construction industry. What is the impact of measured activities on productivity in the construction industry? Activity level analysis has been completed with the 2000 construction activities. The work activities and productivity are interconnected The study has been completed with older information It is helpful for bringing more effective | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 14

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik productivity’, Construction management & economics , 20 (5), pp.415- 423. https://www.scopus.com/re cord/display.uri?eid=2- s2.0- 0036648366&origin=reflis t&sort=plf-f&cite=2-s2.0- 62549118247&src=s&nlo= &nlr=&nls=&imp=t&sid= 7ba2d465c4471dbaa793a6 11e78c20f3&sot=cite&sdt =a&sl=0 and make a significant impact on each other. which challenges its relevance. understandi ng about the constructio n industry and productivit y activities. 2.2. Theme Matrix The following table is helpful to understand the associated themes of the topic and articles. Theme Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Uses of technology The article is helpful for effectively indicating the uses of The article is indicating the uses of increased digitisation and digital The uses of lean practices are helpful to adopt better management The augmented and virtual reality in the construction Waste managemen t and resources efficiency are two Industry 4.0 revolution management and innovation based Integrating sustainability practices are good improving the overall Use of material technology is helpful for improving Better material technology is helpful for enhancing Different innovative methods are helpful for bringing more | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 15

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik artificial intelligence that indicates various opportunitie s which companies of construction industries can adopt for better performanc e. technology for the construction industry to bring better stakeholder engagement . of the construction projects. industry are the latest innovation that brings better creativity and operational efficiency to the construction company. important parameters and uses of integrated Managemen t technology are helpful for managing both of these activities. practices are some important technologies which are helpful for all types of construction companies to enhance their performance . operational efficiency of the organization that helps to improve the successful transformatio n of the construction projects. the overall productivit y that helps to enhance better performanc e in industry. overall productivit y of the operations in the constructio n industry. effectiveness into the production improvemen t activities. Better adoption The article has indicated that there are some challenges companies might face while With the help of this article it will be easier to understand the challenges associated The article has also clearly indicated the effective management of adoption practices that helps to The adoption practices are somehow expensive and require updates along with The adoption practices are also much easier and do not include and it is corruptions The industry revolution 4.0 based innovation based technology are somehow a little It has been indicating that there are advance technologies that are helpful for bringing more The adoption of this technology is not very expensive for the companies so it is Adoption of these practices are also affordable and accessible for the small and The adoption of innovation method tools are easier and affordable however it requires | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 16

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik adopting artificial intelligence, however effective planning can reduce and mitigate these challenges. with adoption of industry revolution 4.0 for construction companies. smooth the process of adopting lean management . the skilled labor force. to the current practices and operations of the companies. difficult to adopt by small and medium size companies as it requires effective infrastructur e. positive outcomes to the business value in transformatio n projects. affordable and accessible. medium size companies as well. additional cost for setup and updation. Impacts on performanc e With the help of artificial intelligence in the construction industry it makes a significant impact on the performanc e. The impact of adopting industry revolution 4.0 helps to increase the trend of automation and digitisation that brings a positive impact on performanc It has been also indicated that uses of the lean management are helpful for improving better productivity and the decision making With the help of virtual reality it would be easier to improve the overall customer satisfaction and their services that help to improve It shows better demolition and resources recovery practices helps to enhance the first managemen t that is indicating better It is helpful for improving the overall performance in the companies by bringing better industry revolution 4.0 based technologies . There are positive indications of using integration based practices in construction activities and companies. Positive outcomes on the performanc e of the constructio n industry have been identified using material technology. The particular study is indicating better operational aggregated efficiency achieved in the constructio n companies with It is essential to bring more effectiveness to the construction activities such as reduction in greenhouse gas emission which improves environment | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 17

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik e. process that brings success for the projects. performanc e. influence on overall performanc e. material technology . al impacts of the project. 3. Preliminary literature review Role of technology in construction industry In the view of Abioye et al. (2021), The term "construction technology" encompasses the entirety of equipment and methodologies employed during the entire project lifecycle, spanning from the first planning stages to the ultimate completion of the construction endeavour. Businesses have the potential to enhance their production via the utilisation of technologies such as these. The term "construction technology" encompasses a wide range of resources, including fully and partially automated construction machines, bid management software, autonomous heavy machinery, numerous mobile applications, robots, virtual reality, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. There is widespread availability of software and mobile solutions that may be utilised to facilitate the administration of many components inside a construction project. Mobile devices enable the capture of data in real-time at the job site and facilitate its transfer to project management located off-site. According to Alaloul et al. (2020), The utilisation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) facilitates enhanced collaboration and communication among architects and engineers through the utilisation of three-dimensional digital representations of buildings. The use of this approach holds promise for enhancing the calibre of next architectural designs and construction endeavours. Moulds constructed from steel are employed in the casting process of the tunnel's beams, walls, and columns. The utilisation of steel formwork in construction projects offers significant advantages, such as cost reduction in labour expenses and expedited construction timelines, owing to its reusability. This is particularly evident in the construction of walls and floors within a building. Developers that choose for prefabricated technology may have several additional advantages, including enhanced site safety, less waste, improved air quality, and enhanced quality control. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 18

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik As per the view of Babalola et al. (2019), Contemporary construction enterprises employ data in order to enhance decision-making processes, boost production levels, ensure worker safety, and mitigate potential risks. Organisations now have the capability to employ artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies in order to generate forecasts by analysing historical data. In the construction business, they exhibit superiority in the domains of cost estimation and bid preparation. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has promise for enhancing efficiency within the construction industry through the mitigation of time spent by staff on the search and retrieval of tools, supplies, and equipment. Cloud-based applications enable on-site staff to electronically submit various types of documentation, such as timesheets, receipts, requests for proposals (RFPs), and other forms of verification. The potential benefits of implementing automated file organisation include a significant reduction in yearly data entry time by several hundred hours, as well as the efficient organisation of crucial files. According to Davila Delgado et al. (2020), In the construction sector, one is unlikely to experience a state of boredom. The lack of standardisation in procedures is a hindrance to efforts aimed at achieving uniformity, hence resulting in a decrease in production. The use of cutting-edge technology like as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offers several advantages, including process automation and enhanced productivity. Ensuring the safety of construction employees at project sites is of paramount importance. The use of technical innovations such as virtual reality (VR), sensors, and wearables holds significant potential for substantially mitigating the incidence of severe occupational injuries. Construction companies might potentially get advantages from these technology improvements as they facilitate the process of worker training and, consequently, enhance the monitoring of health and safety measures. As per the view of Ghaffar et al. (2020), The construction industry continues to face challenges in recruiting an adequate number of personnel. Technology can play a crucial role in these instances. Construction companies have the potential to decrease the workforce needed for physically strenuous activities through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, robotic systems, or self-governing heavy machinery. Organisations may possess the ability to access a contemporary and extensive pool of applicants by using technology, hence facilitating the process of filling vacant posts as they become available. The potential impact of machine learning and artificial intelligence on the construction sector is noteworthy due to its ability to efficiently analyse vast volumes of data in order to identify trends. These insights enable more effective decision- making processes, hence enhancing productivity and safety. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 19

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Innovative methods and technologies that can enhance productivity in the construction industry According to Maskuriy et al. (2019), Machine learning and other forms of artificial intelligence are seeing quick adoption in the building industry. By doing tasks that formerly required human monitoring, sites that use such digital technology see significant gains in productivity. The workforce may then redirect their efforts towards other, more pressing concerns. Artificial intelligence may also be put to good use in the monitoring of construction sites. By setting up cameras at key points in the process and comparing the generated footage to key elements like BIM models, 3D drawings, and building schedules, daily progress can be easily observed. Performance can be tracked and potential structural issues can be identified with lightning speed owing to AI. As per the view of Stanitsas et al. (2021), The usage of drones is spreading quickly in the construction sector. Workers on the ground may use drones to conduct risk-free and secure inspections of bridges and towers. Aerial drone photography might be used to document the construction process. Although drones are designed for a specific task, the information they provide helps to make construction sites safer and elevates the standard of workmanship. Drones used on land may offer similar benefits. They could use light detection, range scan data, and sensors to collect information from all across the site. Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) coupled with building information modelling (BIM) software paves the way for real-time analysis. Collectively, these tools monitor the status of each site, verify that everything there is built to code, and lessen the possibility of errors. According to Goodrum et al. (2002), Machine learning is being implemented to enhance productivity and choice-making in the building sector. The construction industry is rapidly adopting predictive analytics as a common tool in their armoury of software. Using both real-time and historical data, in addition to machine learning, businesses may anticipate future outcomes. These predictions can then be used in further planning and improved decision-making. Predictive analytics and machine learning are important for the complex building projects and operations of today. Businesses need a methodical strategy to handle dangers, embrace opportunities, and prepare for failures. Architects may also use virtual reality to better explain to clients what the final product will look like. Having a completed design to show a client before commencing construction or ordering supplies is another way to cut costs. Impact of innovative methods and technologies on project delivery of construction industry | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 20

PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik As per the view of Ruuska & Häkkinen (2014), It can be difficult to assemble large, complex parts outside in the open. The expansion of off-site fabrication has significantly increased the efficiency of the process. When a vendor fabricates a large heat exchanger in their shop and sends it out to the project site, ready to be plugged in, it allows for better control of components and material supplies, higher efficiency, and increased output. ROI improves when inefficiencies and waste are eliminated. Off-site fabrication of concrete insulated panels, wood frame panels, pump units, compressors, and instrument panels reduce construction delays by allowing for faster installation at the site. According to Goodrum et al. (2009), The construction industry has been greatly impacted by mobile technology in a number of different ways. One of the most important changes for builders is the improvement in project management. Everyone involved may work together in real time using a centralised source of truth because to the widespread availability of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The proliferation of mobile devices has also paved the way for real-time analytics to be implemented in the construction sector. Foremen may now employ reporting tools to keep track of productivity, site conditions, and costs in real-time, rather than waiting until the end of the day to create a report. Project managers may utilise mobile business analytics to predict when adjustments in strategy will be required to keep projects on schedule and below budget. Furthermore, reporting apps guarantee that all parties, regardless of location, have access to analytical findings. According to Abioye et al. (2021), Teams use architectural plans and traditional instruments like a tape measure, spirit level, and theodolite, a precision device for determining angles, to find attachment spots for items like cable trays and pipes. When applied to more intricate designs, however, this tactic falls flat on its face. Including conflicts with other building services and incompatible prefabricated systems that waste resources, it is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and prone to error. When compared to conventional methods, modular construction can save building times by as much as 50 percent. Since each module in modular construction is made to order, there is far less waste than with traditional methods. Since the main building is being built off-site, the site crew may begin laying the groundwork and installing the utilities without having to wait for better weather. Time and money spent with conventional building methods consistently exceeds initial estimates. Customer satisfaction might be damaged even with the help of project management software and reasonable deadlines. 4. Research question(s) and objectives Research Question | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 21

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Some of the research questions which will be addressed in the report are as follows-  What is the role of technology in construction industry?  What are the innovative methods and technologies that can enhance productivity in the construction industry?  What is the impact of innovative methods and technologies on project delivery of construction industry? Research Objective Some of the research objective which will be addressed in the report are as follows-  To analysis the role of technology in construction industry  To evaluate the innovative methods and technologies that can enhance productivity in the construction industry  To analysis the impact of innovative methods and technologies on project delivery of construction industry. 5. Research Methodology 5.1 Research Approach It is generally agreed that the two most common types of research procedures used in academia are quantitative and qualitative. The use of research methods is essential since it lends credibility to the goals of the study . Qualitative research methods were used to gather the data used in this work. Understanding how modern methods and tools affect construction efficiency and timeliness was the key motivation for this qualitative research. The act of combining and synthesising data has the potential to provide better outcomes. Secondary sources such the Internet, government databases, libraries, and scholarly publications were used to compile the qualitative data for this study. First-hand information, often known as "primary data," is data that has not been filtered by another party. The purpose of secondary research is to supplement research. The study article supplemented primary data with information gathered from other sources. When referring to data that has already been collected but is housed in a different repository, the term "secondary data" is sometimes used (Alaloul et al. 2020). The | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 22

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik collection of secondary data sets may be accomplished with less time and money spent. If more information is needed about a topic that has previously been studied extensively, or if a new line of inquiry has to be handled, then secondary research is conducted. In contrast to secondary analysis, which focuses on a subset of the data, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of qualitative research strive to gather and assess all relevant data related to a certain subject or field, and then present their results. Those analysts and researchers who are interested in both qualitative and quantitative data may benefit from this approach. After secondary data has been acquired, it must be checked for accuracy and validity (Babalola et al. 2019). To this end, it is essential that the researcher take into account the reliable secondary evidence presented in scholarly publications. The library at CQUniversity likely has many books that serve as thorough bibliographies. Most of the authors included here hold advanced degrees in fields closely related to those of architecture, engineering, and urban planning. 5.2 Data collection methods and analysis Researchers often refer to the systematic procedures by which they gather information as " data collection methods ." Data may be gathered in a variety of methods, from simple internet surveys to complex laboratory investigations. Both quantitative and qualitative methods can be useful. Data that has already been gathered and analysed, but by a different researcher, is referred to as " secondary data" in qualitative research . All of the information above was gathered by the investigator either alone or with the help of others. Secondary data collecting requires far less time and money than primary data collection (Davila Delgado et al. 2020). However, it is still difficult to determine whether or not secondary sources may be trusted. This study will utilise a secondary research strategy that calls for a thorough literature assessment of scholarly works authored by scholars with Ph.D.s. Digital libraries and information repositories including the one at CQ University (the CQU library), Scopus, Science Direct, and Research Gate will be mined for the articles. To accurately quantify the effect of the pandemic on the construction industry, we propose using an interpretivism research approach to study data collected from official papers and commercial media. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 23

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Priority was given to works that had been published within the past three years and were indexed in Scopus and Science Direct. When doing the analysis, papers written by well-established experts (those having an h-index of 2.0 or higher) will be given greater consideration. The Harvard Business Review and the International Journal of Construction Manageme nt, two of the most prestigious academic publications, will provide the bulk of our research material (Ghaffar et al. 2020). Technology, project delivery, construction, innovative methods and productivity are all good keywords to include while doing a search. 5.3 Ethics Statement This ensures the participant's privacy from the perspective of the study's researchers. All equipment necessary for participants to carry out their duties will be supplied by the study. Our data analysis will be made accessible to the public as part of the inquiry. Plagiarism and academic dishonesty do not exist when one properly credits the work of others. Each participant will get an electronic copy of the consent form and a comprehensive explanation of the study and any potential risks (Maskuriy et al. 2019). Everyone's privacy will be protected at all times. Participants will be informed of the study's findings, and any ethical concerns will be resolved. 6. Contribution & Reflective Statement Name Detailed explanation of member contributions Member Reflection of their experience in group work Student 1 Abstract, Need and, Significance of study, Research questions and objective, Data Management, Risk Register Being in my position, I felt compelled to cooperate with the investigation. Time management, team morale, and mending rifts in communication were all critical matters that demanded my full focus. I made it a habit to follow up with my team after assigning tasks to see how things were going. Student 2 Preliminary literature review, Stakeholder Analysis, theme matrix and summary table We got off to a great start as a team, but as the stakes increased, we began to falter. The group's planning to finish the submission and make the necessary adjustments in the allotted time paid off. After the first two meetings, one individual took charge of making | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 24

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik sure the others kept on track. Student 3 Research Methodology Data collection ethical consideration, Preliminary literature review, Our team was able to do research while adhering to all of the standards, including using the appropriate citation and reference styles. Some members of the team have openly disregarded the deadlines, despite the fact that doing so would have allowed for more time to compile, edit, and peer review. We also realised that the team leader should make sure everyone is on the same page before closing up a task. Student 4 Preliminary literature review, project exclusion, theme matrix and summary table Optimism was prioritised despite initial doubts about the team's ability to collaborate successfully. My group's report exceeded all expectations and did an excellent job. This investigation has had its share of challenges, but it has also yielded significant findings. I feel that I have grown as a leader, supervisor, and researcher, and that I'm better able to handle several tasks at once. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 25

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik 7. Research Project Management Project exclusions It is apparent that the primary documents have been lost. The lack of sufficient research is largely to blame for this catastrophe. There are no longer any files in the dataset that are older than 2019. It might be difficult to find trustworthy results among several analyses. Conversational data requires significant effort from researchers. There are a variety of approaches that may be taken to alleviate the study constraints that were uncovered. We need to collect data on a wider range of demographic and geographical factors to provide the highest quality of analysis. It will need the assistance of a data analyst or business analysis major to make sense of this data (Maskuriy et al. 2019). In every case of manual data gathering, time is of the essence. I plan to rely more and more on my cell phone and the Internet in the future for research and answering questions. Project schedule and milestones: Research Activities Estimated duration Selection of Topic 1 Week Definition of research topic 1 Week Definition of research scope 1 Week Significance of the study 1 Week Preliminary review 2 Week Summary table 2 Week Theme matrix 1 Week Selecting research methodology 1 Week Data collection techniques 2 Week Conducting literature review 1 Week Analysis of data 1 Week Findings 1 Week Drawings conclusions 1 Week | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 26

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Report to be printed, bound, and submitted 6 Days Finalisation of a Project 1 Day Risk register including analysis and response strategy No. Risk Probability (1 very low, 5 very high) Impact (1very low, 5 very high) Assessment (Impact x Probability) Response strategy 1. Coherence and logic are lacking in the statement. User text lacks information. 5 5 25 Mitigate 2. Data collection is time-consuming. 4 5 20 Accept 3. The issue is financial resource allocation. 2 5 10 Transfer 4. Not enough reaction time. 3 4 12 Mitigate 5. Respondent has not responded. 3 3 9 Avoid 6. Inability to comprehend 4 4 16 Accept 7. The mentioned behaviour is unethical. 3 5 20 Mitigate 8. The analytical inaccuracy is discussed. 3 4 13 Transfer 9. Issues Secondary Source Use Identified. 3 5 15 Mitigate 10. Uncertainty surrounds the topic's nature. 3 4 18 Mitigate Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholder Influence (ability to effect changes) Impacted by project Information needed Outcome desired | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 27

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Researcher (Data collected, analysed, and published throughout a project can inform other studies, expand the body of scholarly work, and enhance policymaking). High High All Positive CQU Library (The utilisation of Library Search might be advantageous for undergraduate students. When embarking on a search for any subject matter, it is advisable to prioritise this particular resource). High Medium Essential Positive Supervisor (The supervisor must communicate needs, assess student performance, provide guidance and help, and identify growth needs to maintain a positive student relationship). High Medium Essential Positive Unit coordinator (A Course Coordinator oversees the implementation of a certain course or degree programme). Medium Medium Not essential Negative Ethic committee (The Ethics Committee section handles registration, renewal, and post-approval amendment requests for Institutional Review Boards and other review boards). Low Medium Not essential Negative MS Project Gantt chart: | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 28

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik Project resources and budget Activity Resources Budget allowance AUD Literature review Library resources, personal researcher $80 Printing cost Printing report (hard copy) $80 Data analysis tools Tools improve data analysis productivity. $50 Travel expenses Transportation $50 Buyable research articles were acquired. We purchased some of the most beneficial articles to improve them. $20 Total $280 Data management Implementing severe security measures at all times is required in order to secure sensitive information, which is why these measures must always be in place. The first information that is gathered throughout the investigation will be encrypted before it is saved and will be password- protected on a laptop that is maintained in a safe location. The personnel who were actively involved in the study, as well as the participants themselves, will be the only ones who will have access to the gathered data. The implementation of this preventative step will serve to ensure that immoral behaviour will not occur as a result. It was mandatory for investors to sign a permission form that mandated the protection of primary research data at whatever cost (Davila Delgado et al. 2020). It is predicted that the newly designed software would improve data security, which will ultimately result in increased satisfaction among all of the parties involved. 8. Artefact submission: Include an accessible hyperlink to the OneDrive shared folder with screenshots of the content of the main folder and group members sub- folders. | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 29

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik 9. References List Abioye, S O, Oyedele, L O, Akanbi, L, Ajayi, A, Delgado, J M D, Bilal, M & Ahmed, A 2021, ‘Artificial intelligence in the construction industry: A review of present status, opportunities and future challenges’, Journal of Building Engineering , Vol. 44 , no. 1 103299. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710221011578 Alaloul, W S, Liew, M S, Zawawi, N A W A & Kennedy, I B 2020, ‘Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the construction industry: Challenges and opportunities for stakeholders’, Ain shams engineering journal , Vol. 11 , no. 1, pp. 225-230. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447919301157 Babalola, O, Ibem, E O & Ezema, I C 2019, ‘Implementation of lean practices in the construction industry: A systematic review’, Building and environment , Vol. 148 , pp. 34-43. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322886976.pdf Davila Delgado, J M, Oyedele, L, Beach, T & Demian, P 2020, ‘Augmented and virtual reality in construction: drivers and limitations for industry adoption’, Journal of construction engineering and management , Vol. 146 , no. 7, pp. 04020079. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/128260/1/Beach%20T%20-%20Augmented%20and%20Virtual%20Reality%20in%20Construction%20 .... pdf Ghaffar, S H, Burman, M & Braimah, N 2020, ‘Pathways to circular construction: An integrated management of construction and demolition waste for resource recovery’, Journal of cleaner production , Vol. 244 , no. 1, 118710. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619335802 Maskuriy, R, Selamat, A, Maresova, P, Krejcar, O & David, O O 2019, ‘Industry 4.0 for the construction industry: Review of management perspective’, Economies , Vol. 7 , no. 3, pp. 68. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/7/3/68 Stanitsas, M, Kirytopoulos, K & Leopoulos, V 2021, ‘Integrating sustainability indicators into project management: The case of construction industry’, Journal of Cleaner Production , Vol. 279 , no. 1, pp. 123774. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64660997/1-s2.0- S0959652620338191-main-libre.pdf?1602522607=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename %3DIntegrating_sustainability_indicators_in.pdf&Expires=1693918390&Signature=EQwt- LHLfAzZ53NCM~WUN4HxNREfHMiFoBkZd47ohk3juu6ezSw3eXAX3AhuQraFm- | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 30

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PPMP20015: Assessment 2 – Group Research Proposal Unit Coordinator: Dr Samer Skaik ~uaa786uLqlGxqHhXOYsCWyUIVveVOBMHAsQ2zQ4swqHOL-0OLBezWvAillK37GBzcUwkHQdOUnilFRCSD0zR2mOxf0oB1sK- a9r~HgVe7kaKQ4~nXDGgWQZzN5gzDHRD3nR4q5cXHcuGKvX2owfyhVzCL4gnBtyaerqFbSeZrmScpu7NGUQD37OqiTswslRFNBZDNzbPYR QH8abjrN8XuqPCBV9MMuRJBs2VKEr0TUeR10l-lkk3zG2WgXLdzLs1RRd~Kw1iY7cCNE-JCdg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA Goodrum, PM, Haas, CT & Glover, RW 2002, ‘The divergence in aggregate and activity estimates of US construction productivity’, Construction management & economics , 20 (5), pp.415-423. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036648366&origin=reflist&sort=plf- f&cite=2-s2.0-62549118247&src=s&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&imp=t&sid=7ba2d465c4471dbaa793a611e78c20f3&sot=cite&sdt=a&sl=0 Ruuska, A & Häkkinen, T 2014, ‘Material efficiency of building construction’, Buildings , 4 (3), pp.266-294. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937038893&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&cite=2-s2.0- 62549118247&src=s&imp=t&sid=ba507c3942495b5764de044def606c27&sot=cite&sdt=a&sl=0&relpos=44&citeCnt=68&searchTerm= Goodrum, PM, Zhai, D & Yasin, MF 2009 ‘Relationship between changes in material technology and construction productivity’, Journal of construction engineering and management , vol. 135, no. 4, pp.278-287. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 62549118247&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&cite=2-s2.0- 62549118247&src=s&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&imp=t&sid=7ba2d465c4471dbaa793a611e78c20f3&sot=cite&sdt=a&sl=0 | PPMP20015 Research Proposal Template – V1 T2-2023 31

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