Discussion 4 lac epigenetics f23 key

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Bio 151 Rounds Discussion 4 fall 2023 Discussion IV questions Biology 151 Team/Group Section Name(s): TA name: Day and Time 1. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase is an enzyme involved in production of GABA, an important neurotransmitter. In humans low expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase is often found in people with schizophrenia. Researchers wondered whether expression of this gene might be altered in rats who received or were deprived of maternal care. The figure below shows a) the promoter sequence with CpG islands bolded. b) the amount of methylation total in the promoter sequence for the gene (“clones” as they had to make copies of the dna), and c) the percent methylation at each CpG island. High-LG is high licking and grooming from mom and Low-LG is low licking and grooming from mama rat. Would you expect more or less expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase in the well licked rats? Why? (1 point) More expression because less methylations therefore Transcription Factors have better access 2. Identify and label the following as protein or DNA sequence (1 point) a. Enhancer DNA b. Regulatory Transcription factor Protein c. Promoter DNA d. RNA polymerase Protein 3. Distinguish between promoter/enhancer methylation and histone acetylation: Chemical change and how it alters DNA access (1 point) a. histone acetylation: histones are acetylated and deacetylated giving access to the DNA b. promoter methylation: promoter or enhancer sequences on the DNA are methylated, blocking transcription factor access Effect on expression: (1 point) c. histone acetylation: Increases transcription d. promoter/enhancer methylation: decreases transcription 1

Bio 151 Rounds Discussion 4 fall 2023 5. Consider the lac operon, how would you modify the lac operon system so that it produced lactase when the cell was exposed to mannose (another sugar) and low glucose? (1 point) Modify the repressor protein so that it bound to mannose instead of lactose You have found some mutants in the lac operon. You can assay for lactase activity using X-gal. X-gal turns blue if lactase is around and lactose permease is expressed. What could be the mutation in the E. coli if you have the phenotype shown in the table? (1 point) cAMP over expressed or CAP always active genotype Lactose present glucose present Lactase expression WT - + NO WT + - YES MUT - + NO MUT + - YES MUT + + YES 2

Bio 151 Rounds Discussion 4 fall 2023 Discussion IV questions Biology 151 Individual Section Name(s): TA name: Day and Time 1. Mama rats, at least the good ones, groom their pups by licking them. These pups also show what’s called arch backed nursing (together called LG-ABN). High expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) correlates with calm rats. Data from a paper (Weaver 2004) studying methylation in the GR receptor promoter are shown on the right. It shows how often individual cytosines in the promoter were methylated. Use these data to answer the following questions.(1 point each) a. Maternal licking leads to less methylation in the promoter region (A=true, B=false) A b. Which of the graphs below correctly compares expression of the GR receptor in the well licked rats vs. un-licked. 2. Identify and label the following as protein or DNA sequence (0.5 points each) a. Promoter DNA b. General transcription factor Protein 3. When is the repressor bound to DNA in the lac operon? (1 point) when there is no lactose 3

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