Protist_Termite_Answer_Sheet

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Questions: 1. Based on your descriptive notes, attempt to explain why current taxonomy divides these organisms into six different super groups rather than lumping them all together under the old designation of protista. Answer should be no longer than 4-5 sentences, but should include specific differences that you observed and/or complications you could foresee with a universal classification. Current taxonomy divides these organisms into six different super kingdoms because each organism is radically different from the other ones. Protista is one of the most diverse kingdoms, so by dividing it into six super groups, it creates better organization and allows similar organisms to be grouped together. The organisms are all structure differently and do not contain the same parts, such as cilia.

2. Draw three different types of protozoans that you have seen on the termite gut slide. Include the magnification and size. 3. Why are termites essential members of communities in nature? How do they alter habitats? Termites are decomposers that are able to breakdown dead wood. By having this ability, the termites are able to return the nutrients from the wood back to the earth. Their tunnels also help to aerate the soil and provide a better soil condition for plants to thrive in. Termites can also be very destructive by breaking down large structures such as homes and making them unlivable. 4. Vertebrates’ digestive tracts are sterile at birth. How do newborns acquire the necessary gut symbionts? Pick any two species to use as examples. One example is present with human newborns. Prior to birth, when the baby is in the birth canal, it receives the symbionts through its mouth and then they move into the digestive tract. The composition of symbionts is affected by the baby’s diet, such as if it’s breast fed it will have more Bifidobacteria than a formula fed baby. Termites acquire their gut symbionts by ingesting the fecal matter of other termites or even by fighting when the winner consumes the weaker one. 5. Before genetics were considered in taxonomy, protozoans were classified based on their morphology and locomotion. Of the many protozoans that live in the termite gut, you should have seen a fair number of them moving about using hair-like structures quickly twitching/waving about around the entire body. a.) What are these structures called? These structures are called cilia. b.) Protozoan phylogenies are now commonly based on 16s RNA sequences. Why? This is because the 16s RNA sequences are located in most bacteria, it hasn’t been changed, and it has enough volume required for information.

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Citations: "16S RRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses, Perils, and Pitfalls ▿ ." National Library of Medicine , 11 Jul. 2007, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045242/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023. "The Role Of Termites As Essential Decomposers In The Environment." Mast Poducing Trees , 9 Jan. 2023, mast-producing-trees.org/the-role-of-termites-as-essential-decomposers-in-the-environment/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023. "Newborn Baby Digestive Tract." Microbe Wiki , microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Newborn_baby_digestive_tract#:~:text=Before%20birth%2C%20the %20digestive%20tract%20of%20the%20fetus,full%20length%20of%20the%20tract%20will%20be %20colonized. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023. "Evolutionary Origin of Termite Gut Microbiome Revealed." ScienceDaily , 16 Feb. 2018, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180216110530.htm. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023 .

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