5
B.
List
the structures of the digestive tract (in order) from the mouth to the rectum and
describe
the primary function of each.
Be sure to specify the different segments of the
small intestines, large intestines, etc.
Oral cavity: The purpose of the oral cavity is to intake food and break down particles via
mastication.
Esophagus: The purpose of the esophagus is to transport food from the oral cavity to the
stomach.
Stomach: The stomach breaks down a bolus with acids and enzymes.
Small intestine: The small intestine absorbs nutrients such as vitamins, carbohydrates, and
minerals. It is made up of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the illium.
Large intestine: The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from food. It is made up of
the cecum, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon.
Anus: The anus is used for expelling wastes from the body.
C.
List
the accessory organs of the digestive system and
describe
their primary
functions
.
Liver: The liver filters and processes blood along with metabolizing toxic substances so that they
are less-so.
Gallbladder: The gallbladder produces bile, a fat emulsifier, in order to break down fats.
Pancreas: The pancreas produces enzymes that aid with digestion of fats, sugars, and starches.
2. Liver Dissection
Step 1: Identify the following structures using your dissection specimen:
a. Lobes (right, left, quadrate, caudate)
b. Round ligament
c. Falciform ligament
d. IVC
e. Gallbladder
f.
Cystic duct
g. Common hepatic duct
h. Common bile duct
i.
Hepatic artery
j.
Hepatic portal vein
