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Module 3: Cell Biology - Structure and Function Topic 4 Application: Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report Title Membrane Diffusion Investigation Hypothesis Using the Procedure and Data Collection section, read through the procedural information for this scientific investigation. Based on your understanding of the procedure, develop your own hypotheses which describe your expected results. How does adding more gated channels differ from adding more leakage channels? Record your hypotheses below. If the solute concentration increases, then the water concentration will decrease. Procedure 1. Go to the following website: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/membrane-channels 2. Click “Run Now” (bright green) 3. Add 5 blue “Gated Channels” – space them out evenly a. Make sure the channels are closed 4. Add 5 green “Gated Channels” – space them out evenly a. Make sure the channel are closed 5. Let the green dots represent solute (like salt) and the blue diamonds represent water molecules 6. Add 20 green dots and 20 blue diamonds into the top section of the cell (let this be the inside of the cell) 7. Add 40 blue diamonds to the bottom section of the cell (let this be the outside of the cell) Data Part1 : Record your data from this scientific investigation in the data tables for each part of this scientific investigation. 1. Is the cell “hypotonic”, “hypertonic” or “isotonic” to the surrounding fluid? Explain. I think that the cell is hypotonic because the solute ions inside the cell are at a greater concentration compared to the surrounding fluid. The water concentration of the surrounding fluid is also higher than that of the water inside, which also helps support why the cell is hypotonic. 2. You are about to open both of the channels at the same time, what do you expect to happen? When I open both of the channels at the same time, I think that the different colored shapes will go through the channels that correspond to their color at a pretty rapid pace. Some of the dots will enter the cell while others will leave it, same with the water molecules. 3. Open both types of channels at the same time and begin a timer for 15 seconds. 4. After each 15 seconds, pause the simulation and count how many green dots and blue diamonds are one each side of the cell membrane. 1

Module 3: Cell Biology - Structure and Function Topic 4 Application: Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report Inside of Cell (top of simulation) Outside of cell (bottom of simulation) Solute (green dots) Water molecules (blue diamonds) Solute (green dots) Water molecules (blue diamonds) 0 seconds 20 20 0 40 15 Seconds 17 26 3 34 30 Seconds 10 21 10 39 45 Seconds 10 29 10 31 60 Seconds 12 26 8 34 5. If you could see this cell and could watch this happen, what would you see the cell do? If I could see this cell and watch this simulation happen, I would see the cell swell because of all the water molecules that are being absorbed into the cell. If too much water was to be absorbed, I could see the cell burst. Part 2: 1. Click the “Clear Particles” icon 2. Add 20 green dots and 40 blue diamonds into the top section of the cell (let this be the inside of the cell) 3. 4. Add 20 blue diamonds to the bottom section of the cell (let this be the outside of the cell) 5. Is the cell “hypotonic”, “hypertonic” or “isotonic” to the surrounding fluid? Explain. This cell is hypertonic because the water concentration is higher on the inside of the cell compared to the outside surrounding fluids. 6. You are about to open both of the channels at the same time, what do you expect to happen? I expect that there are going to be more water molecules from the inside that are going to start making their way out of the cell compared to water coming into the cell. 7. Open both types of channels at the same time and begin a timer for 15 seconds. 8. After each 15 seconds, pause the simulation and count how many green dots and blue diamonds are one each side of the cell membrane. Inside of Cell (top of simulation) Outside of cell (bottom of simulation) Solute (green dots) Water molecules (blue diamonds) Solute (green dots) Water molecules (blue diamonds) 2

Module 3: Cell Biology - Structure and Function Topic 4 Application: Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report 0 seconds 20 40 0 20 15 Seconds 10 30 10 30 30 Seconds 9 30 11 30 45 Seconds 12 25 8 35 60 Seconds 14 24 6 36 9. If you could see this cell and could watch this happen, what would you see the cell do? If I could see this cell and watch this simulation happen, I would see the cell shrivel like a raisin because all of the water is flowing out of the cell. Part 3: 1. Click the “Clear Particles” icon 2. Add 20 green dots and 40 blue diamonds into the top section of the cell (let this be the inside of the cell) 3. Add 40 blue diamonds to the bottom section of the cell (let this be the outside of the cell) 4. Is the cell “hypotonic”, “hypertonic” or “isotonic” to the surrounding fluid? Explain. This cell is isotonic because the water concentration both inside and outside of the cell is the same. 5. You are about to open both of the channels at the same time, what do you expect to happen? I expect that the cell will stay the same and the water molecules and the solute will also remain at a constant rate inside and outside of the cell. The number of stuff inside and outside the cell won’t be that different at 60 seconds as it was at 0 seconds. 6. Open both types of channels at the same time and begin a timer for 15 seconds. 7. After each 15 seconds, pause the simulation and count how many green dots and blue diamonds are one each side of the cell membrane. Inside of Cell (top of simulation) Outside of cell (bottom of simulation) Solute (green dots) Water molecules (blue diamonds) Solute (green dots) Water molecules (blue diamonds) 0 seconds 20 40 0 40 15 Seconds 11 36 9 44 30 Seconds 10 38 10 42 45 Seconds 9 35 11 45 60 Seconds 9 37 11 43 3

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Module 3: Cell Biology - Structure and Function Topic 4 Application: Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report 8. If you could see this cell and could watch this happen, what would you see the cell do? If I could see this cell and watch this simulation happen, I would see that the cell doesn’t change that much as the amount of water molecules and solutes at 0 seconds was not that different from the number of water molecules and solutes inside and outside of the cell after 60 seconds. Data Analysis 1. Construct a graph. But, before you do, answer the following questions: a. What do you think is the important information to graph? Some information that I think is important to graph is the seconds that the data was recorded at and also the number of particles that were inside and outside the cell at each of the recorded seconds. b. Is the data you chose to graph relevant to our lab? Yes, the data I chose to graph is relevant to our lab because it includes the data that was found in the lab. c. What type of graph should you create (i.e. line graph, bar graph, pie chart, etc.)? Why? We should create a bar graph because we are comparing a lot of different data to each other over a period of time. 4

Module 3: Cell Biology - Structure and Function Topic 4 Application: Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report 2. What can you learn by looking at your graph? Looking at my graph, I can learn that as the solute concentra±on increased, the water concentra±on decreased and vice versa. 3. Use your graph to make a claim about this inves±ga±on. Using my graph, I can make the claim that in this investigation, the cells are losing solute concentration as more water enters/exitss making the water concentration bigger. I can also make the claim for the complete opposite that as water decreases inside or outside of the cell, the solute concentration will increase. 5

Module 3: Cell Biology - Structure and Function Topic 4 Application: Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report Conclusion Compose three to four sentences describing an overall conclusion based on your data. Were your hypotheses true or false, and how do you know? Use the data and notes that you collected from your investigation to form your conclusion. Make sure that you include information that you gained from data analysis to support your conclusion. In conclusion, my hypothesis was true. I know this because as one side of the cell gained solute concentration, that same side lost water concentration and vice versa. For example in Part 1, as the solute particles made their way outside of the cell, the water concentration inside the cell increased, but the water concentration outside the cell decreased as the solute concentration was increasing. The same pattern could be observed in the other parts, thus showing that my hypothesis is valid. Experimental Sources of Error Provide responses to the following questions: Are there any sources of error? If so, what are they, and what could be done to minimize error? There are some sources of error that could occur when doing this experiment. One of these errors is miscounting, which can be minimized by being patient and making sure that no particle is repeated to skip. Another error that could occur is the simulation is broken or glitched and doesn’t work the way it's supposed to. This cannot be minimized as we do not have control over the simulation website. SOURCES: “No outside sources were used.” Once you have completed the Membrane Diffusion Investigation Report, please submit your work to the dropbox. 6

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