Smell Activity - Fall 2023

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School

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee *

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202

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Biology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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BIOSCI 202 Lab – Fall 2023 Smell Activity (20 pts) Background: Humans use a family of more than 400 olfactory receptors to detect odors. Genetic variation in human olfactory receptors is abundant and alters receptor function. This great variation in olfactory receptors allows a great deal of population variation in the relationship between receptor function and perception of odors. Classically, humans were thought to distinguish between 4,000-10,00 odors on average. Recent research using participant data and mathematical modeling claims that humans may be able to distinguish up to one trillion different odors*. Purpose: In this activity students will evaluate the variability of olfactory receptors. They will do this by testing the ability to detect varying odors themselves and comparing their data across the class population. Finally, students will test the ability of their olfactory receptors to adapt to continuous stimulation with the same odor. Once adapted they will then test another odor to see if they are able to detect the new odor after the receptors have been adapted to the first. Part I: Experimental Data Directions: Test your laboratory partner’s ability to recognize odors of bottled substances available in the lab. Have your partner keep his/her eyes closed. Remove the stopper from one of the bottles and hold it about 4cm under your partner’s nostrils for about 2 seconds and then replace the stopper. Ask your partner to identify the odor and record the response in the table. Repeat for each of the bottled substances. Record the results in the table below (add more rows if necessary). Use 1 if the student identified the substance correctly, and 0 if incorrectly. Substance Tested Odor Reported Score 1 Grape 0 2 Cleaner 0 3 Chocolate 0 4 Peppermint 1 5 Peroxide 0 6 Citrus/orange 1 7 Dryer sheet 0 8 lemon 1 9 candy 0 10 lemonade 0 Scoring A. Total number of substances tested: 10 B. Total number correctly identified: 3 C. Student score (B/A) 3/10

BIOSCI 202 Lab – Fall 2023 Part II: Student Averages First, evaluate the success of the individuals in the group by answering the questions below. Were the scores mostly the same for all the individuals you recorded, or were some people a lot more successful than others? Explain how you decided that. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Use the table below to enter data from other students. Ask at least five other students. Substance Tested Number of Students (Correct) Number of Students Tested Average Score (# of students correct / # of students tested) 1 1 3 0.33 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 5 0 3 0 6 1 3 0.33 7 0 3 0 8 0 3 0 9 1 3 0.33 10 0 3 0 What is the average score for success over ALL the odors? (Add all the average scores and divide by 10). Average of all odors: ____0.3_____  Were the averages mostly the same for all the substances you tested, or were some of the odors identified at a much lower or higher rate than the others? Explain how you decided that. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________  If you found a significant difference from one odor to the other, explain why you think that this would be so.

BIOSCI 202 Lab – Fall 2023 Part III: Adaptation of olfactory receptors Directions: Each student will try to adapt their olfactory receptors to one specific odor. Once the receptors have been adapted, the student should be unable to detect the odor, or the odor will become much less potent. Once the student has sniffed the first odor until they no longer smell it or it is much less potent, they will quickly move the original bottle of scented oil and immediately smell another odor. After you complete this process, answer the following questions. Questions: 1. What scent did you choose to use to exhaust your olfactory receptors with? 2. What was the second scent you tried to smell after your olfactory receptors were adapted to the original scent? 3. Based on your findings, do you think that when you exhausted your sense of smell for the first odor, you caused all your olfactory receptors to become desensitized to all odors? Why or why not? Reference: * Humans can discriminate more than 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. Bushdid C, Magnasco MO, Vosshall LB, Keller A, Science. 2014 Mar 21; 343(6177):1370-2. Doi: 10.1126/science.1249168. PMID: 24653035.

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