Old exam questions CVS_key (1)

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1. The tendency for turbulent flow is greatest in A. Arterioles B. Capillaries C. Small arterioles D. The aorta 2. Which one of the following would decrease venous compliance in the legs? A. Varicose veins B. Pregnancy C. Presence of ascitic fluid in the abdomen D. Standing still for 30 minutes E. Movement of leg muscles 3. Select the correct statement: A. In mitral stenosis blood flows back into the lungs during systoli. B. In mitral stenosis blood flows back into aorta. C. Aldosterone is secreted from the kidney. D. Increase in afterload increases the End Systolic Volume. 4. Body immersion in a swimming pool (even if you don’t know how to swim), causes: A. Decrease in compliance of veins B. Increase in venous return C. Increase in stroke volume D. Choices A and B E. Choices A, B and C. 5. The following situation(s) can lead to edema: A. Increase in arterial pressure B. Decrease in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure C. Decrease in venous pressure D. Choices A and B E. Choices B and C 6. Select the factor(s) which can increase the Reynolds’s number – A. Polycythemia B. Anemia C. Increase in viscosity of blood D. Decrease in diameter of blood vessel E. Choices B and D 7. The total peripheral resistance is mainly regulated by:

A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins 8. The following four tubes have the same pressure gradient. Which tube has the highest flow? 9. A 50-year-old man has had fainting "spells" for about 2 weeks. During the fainting episodes, his electrocardiogram shows a ventricular beat of 22 beats/min and 100 P waves per minute. After about 30 seconds of fainting, a normal sinus rhythm recurs. What is his likely diagnosis? A. Atrial flutter B. First degree A-V block C. Second degree A-V block D. Stokes-Adams syndrome E. Atrial Fibrillation 10. Circus movements in the ventricle can lead to ventricular fibrillation. Which of the following conditions in the ventricular muscle increase the tendency for circus movements? A. Decreased refractory period B. Low extracellular potassium concentration C. Increased refractory period D. Shorter conduction pathway (i.e., decreased ventricular volume) E. Choices B and C Based on the below figure, which represents cardiac cycle, please select an appropriate answer concerning the following statements. Mark A: If it is True. Mark B: If it is False

11. During the period between A to B or from D to E, semi-lunar valve is closed. 12. A-V valve opens at A. 13. If the above graph represents right ventricle the pressure at point B is close to 32 mm Hg. 14. C is a dip in the aortic pressure when the A-V valve closes. 15. If the above figure represents the right ventricle, blood volume in the ventricle at point A is 50 ml under normal physiological conditions. 16. A 50-year-old man has a body weight of 110 kg. His resting heart rate is 90 beats/min, arterial pressure is 120/70 mm Hg, arterial hematocrit is 35%, and body temperature is normal. His pressure-volume diagram for the left ventricle is shown. What is his resting cardiac output (in ml/min)? A. 900 B. 8000 C. 9000 D. 10,000 E. 15,000

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17. Increases in stroke volume when it occurs under the following conditions can be considered as positive inotropic effect. A. Decrease in compliance of veins. B. Reduction in afterload. C. Increase in preload. D. Increase in contractility of heart. E. Increase in heart rate. 18. Which of the following phenomena can be related to Starling’s Law of the heart? A. Increase in cardiac output due to sympathetic stimulation. B. Increase in cardiac output due to increase in preload. C. Increase in stroke volume due to increase in end diastolic volume. D. Choices B and C E. Choices A, B and C 19. In a person 20 years old, medical examination revealed, had had EDV = 115 ml; Stroke Volume = 70 ml; and normal EKG. He was considered to be in good health. Ten years later, his EDV is 115 ml; Stroke Volume = 85 ml and normal EKG. Select the correct choice to describe his condition A. He has been exercising well. B. He is in a state of compensated heart failure. C. His heart is in a state of physiological hypertrophy. D. A and C E. B and C 50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200 0 Intraventricular Pressure (mmHg) Left Ventricular Volume (ml) A B C D

20. Compensated heart failure is characterized by: A. Decrease ejection fraction B. Increased right atrial pressure C. Increased cardiac reserve D. Choices a and b E. Choices b and c 21. Which of the following conditions is (are) associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy? A. Hypertension B. Aortic valve stenosis C. Aortic regurgitation D. Choices b and c E. Choices a, b and c 22. A Valvular condition associated with diastolic dysfunction is: A. Mitral regurgitation B. Mitral stenosis C. Aortic stenosis D. Aortic regurgitation 23. Select correct answer(s) relating to reflex bradycardia. A. Constriction of systemic arterioles can cause reflex bradycardia. B. It can be precipitated by arteriolar dilator drugs. C. It is a result of stimulation of sympathetic tone to the heart. D. Choices a and c E. Choices b and c 24. In the following figure, left ventricular stroke volume is plotted against left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Relative to normal control point, which one of the following points represents the independent effects of increase in blood volume in a healthy heart?

25. Which one of the following sets of physiological changes would be expected to occur in a person who was involved in a major accident that led to heavy blood loss? Sympathetic nerve activity Heart rate Total peripheral resistance Plasma Renin Activity A.     B.     C.     D.     E.     26. The table below depicts the pressure gradient, radius, and viscosity in various vessels of the same length. Which vessel has the greatest flow? Vessel Pressure gradient Radius Viscosity A. 100 1 10 B. 50 2 5 C. 25 4 2 D. 10 6 1 (End Diastolic Volume)

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27. .In the pressure volume diagrams below solid lines represent normal pressure volume diagrams, while the dashed lines represent changes in response to pathophysiological or physiological adaptations. Which of the following represents a patient with coexisting compensated heart failure and high blood pressure? 28. Neutrophils are capable of all of the following except which function? A) Phagocytosis of whole red blood cells B) Ameboid motion C) Production of proteolytic enzymes for digestion of bacteria D) Diapedesis 29. Which statement is most correct regarding erythropoietin? A) Erythropoietin is mainly secreted by the liver. B) Erythropoietin acts on the spleen by decreasing RBC destruction. C) Kidney failure and can lead to failure in the production of erythropoietin. D) Injection of erythropoietin leads to a rapid increase in the number of circulating RBCs within the next 48 hours.

30. A mother, who has blood type A Rh+, has always been perfectly healthy and just delivered her second child. The father has blood type O Rh  . Knowing that the child has blood type O Rh  , what would you expect to find in this child? A) The child will suffer from erythroblastosis fetalis due to Rh incompatibility. B) The child will suffer from erythroblastosis fetalis due to ABO blood group incompatibility. C) The child will suffer from both types A and B. D) The child has no chance of developing hemolytic disease of the newborn. 31. Which of the following statement(s) is true concerning leukemia? A) In acute lymphocytic leukemia WBC’s are partially differentiated and are still partially functional. B) In chronic myelogenous leukemia WBC’ s are undifferentiated and are not at all functional. C) People suffering from leukemia are prone to infections and anemia. D) Choices A and B E) Choices A, B and C 32. Agranulocytosis is due to: A) Decreased production of granulocytes. B) Decreased production of agranulocytes. C) It could be caused due to exposure to certain chemicals. D) Choices B and C E) Choices A and C 33. Plasma of AB positive person will cause agglutination of the recipient blood if it is infused to the following recipient: A) A negative person B) B negative person C) O positive person D) AB negative person E) None of the above

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