Lung_worksheet

docx

School

Lone Star College System, Woodlands *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

2305

Subject

Biology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by clau98g136

Blood Pressure Regulation + Integration of CVS 1. After severe blood loss what changes do you expect in the following parameters. Also mention whether that is a consequence of blood loss or a compensation for blood loss. For example, loss of blood would result in decreased blood pressure (this is a consequence) this would result in compensations such as reflex tachycardia however, overall, the blood pressure would still be low. It will be incorrect to say that compensation would be increased blood pressure to more than normal due to reflex tachycardia. So, for each of these parameters it is either increase or decrease and each of these parameters is either consequence or compensation. A. Heart rate B. Blood pressure C. Renin D. Angiotensin II E. Aldosterone F. SNS G. Dopamine H.Atrial natriuretic peptide I. Venous return J. Cardiac contractility K. Preload L. Afterload M. Total peripheral resistance 2. A person stands up from a supine position, what changes would you expect in: a. Venous hydrostatic pressure b. Heart rate c. TPR d. SNS e. PNS

f. Venous return 3. A drop in blood pressure would cause __________ firing of baroreceptors. This would _________ sympathetic nervous system. Resulting in A. ___________ heart rate , which is also called _____________chronotropic effect and is mediated by ___________ receptors. B. ___________ contractility of the ventricles, which is also called ___________inotropic effect and is mediated by _____________ receptors. C. ______________ arteriolar constriction, mediated by _______________ receptors on vascular smooth muscles of the arterioles. D. ___________ venous constriction, mediated by ____________ receptors on vascular smooth muscle of the Veins. For blanks in front of heart rate, contractility, arteriolar constriction and venous constriction fill in either increased or decreased whichever is appropriate. For blanks in front of chronotropic and inotropic fill in either positive or negative whichever is appropriate. For blanks in front of receptors fill in α1, α2, β1 or β2 whichever is appropriate. E. The effect that occurs in C, what does it to do the total peripheral resistance? The effect that occurs in D what does it to the venous return? F. What does Prazosin (alpha 1 blocker) do? How would it affect blood pressure, would this result in reflex tachycardia or reflex bradycardia?

Lungs 1. Describe the conducting zone and the respiratory zone, what are their functions? 2. Describe intrapleural pressure, transpulmonary pressure, and their effect on inspiration and expiration. What are the various muscles involved in the process of inspiration and expiration? 3. What is lung compliance, what factors affect it? What is the role of surfactant in regulating the lung compliance? How does surfactant stabilize alveoli ? 4. How is airway resistance influenced by airway radii? 5. List physical and neuroendocrine factors that alter airway resistance. 6. Contrast the causes of increased airway resistance in asthma and chronic bronchitis. 7. Identify and describe lung volumes and capacities in the spirometry tracing provided in lecture handouts. 8. State the equation relating minute ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory rate. Give representative values for each in a normal person at rest. 9. State the equation for calculating alveolar ventilation. What is an average value for alveolar ventilation?

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

10. Indicate true or false: a. In a mixture of gases, the pressure each gas exerts is independent of the pressure the other gases exert. b. The partial pressure that a gas exerts is independent of its concentration 11. Atmospheric air consists of approximately 21 % oxygen. The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm hg. Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmospheric air. 12. What are the determinants of diffusion? How can some pathological conditions affect diffusion? 13. State the alveolar partial pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxide in a healthy person at rest. 14. What factors determine the P A O 2 and P A CO 2 ? What factors determine Pa O 2 and Pa CO 2 ? 15. What is the mechanism of gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries? In a healthy person, what are the gas pressures at the beginning of pulmonary capillaries, at the end of pulmonary capillaries and in alveoli? 16. Define hyperventilation and hypoventilation. What changes do you expect in alveolar and arterial partial pressure of O2 and CO2 with hyperventilation and hypoventilation?

17. Discuss Ventilation perfusion inequality, what are the 2 extremes, what are the pressure changes in the alveolar air in these extremes? 18. In what two forms is oxygen carried in the blood? What are the normal quantities (in milliliters per liter) for each form in the arterial blood? 19. Describe the structure of hemoglobin. 20.Draw an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Put in the points that represent systemic venous and systemic arterial blood. What is the adaptive importance of plateau? Of the steep portion? 21.Would breathing pure oxygen cause a large increase in oxygen transport by the blood in a healthy person? In a person with low alveolar PO 2 ? 22.Describe the effects of increase PCO2, H + concentration, and temperature on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. How are these effects adaptive for oxygen unloading in the tissues? 23. For each of the four conditions below, give the expected changes (increased, decreased, or normal) for PaO 2 , SaO 2 and CaO 2 . Assume the subject is breathing ambient air that each situation occurred acutely (in less than 24 hours), and that there is no other abnormal condition.

CONDITION PaO2 SaO2 VaO2 Severe Anemia CO Poisoning Severe V-Q Imbalance High Altitude 24.Draw figures showing the reactions of carbon dioxide undergoes entering blood in the tissue capillaries and leaving the blood in the alveoli. What fractions are contributed by dissolved carbon dioxide HCO3-, and carbaminohemoglobin? 25.What happens to most of the H + formed in the erythrocytes from carbonic acid? What happens to blood H + concentration as blood flows through tissue capillaries? 26.Describe the areas of the brain responsible for regulation of respiration. 27.Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in the regulation of respiration. Are these receptors sensitive to PO2 or PCO2, if so is that a direct effect if not what are the ultimately sensitive to? Once they sense something is wrong how are they going to try and fix it? 28.What changes stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors? 29.Does moderate anemia or carbon monoxide exposure stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors? Would these conditions stimulate the central chemoreceptors?

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

30.Is respiratory control more sensitive to small changes in arterial PO 2 or arterial PCO 2 ? 31.List four general types of hypoxic hypoxia. 32.Review skills including the calculations.

Related Documents

MUS_don'tDiagram.docx

Food Safety Micro Bio Lab report (1) (1).pdf

SCI 201 milestone 2.docx

sci 201 practice milestone 2.docx

cytology and test procedures.pdf

5_Protein_Analysis_Worksheet_S22.docx

Challenges-Exam 1 2021.docx

Old exam questions CVS_key (1).pdf

Class Activity #9_FA23_student copy.docx

Biochem 285 FA23 Class Activity #1.docx

Class Activity #2_FA23_student copy.docx

WAngeloTundraBiomes.docx

Recommended textbooks for you

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

Chemistry

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Cengage

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

Biology

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:Cengage

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...

Biology

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Biology 2e

Biology

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:OpenStax

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol

Nursing

ISBN:9781305143531

Author:CURREN

Publisher:Cengage

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133478294
Author:Chatterjee
Publisher:Cengage
Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist
Biology
ISBN:9781337512442
Author:RICE
Publisher:Cengage
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol
Nursing
ISBN:9781305143531
Author:CURREN
Publisher:Cengage