Wallace_Week4_Biology

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Celess Wallace Biology September 21, 2022 Professor Everette

The immune system has a vital role, it protects your body from harmful substances, germs, and cells that could make you severely ill. It made up of different organs, cells, and proteins. (The Immune System, n.d.) If your body is running smoothly that means you are taking care of your body. On the other hand, if your body stops working, it could be that it is weak, or the body can not fight the illness properly. Also, germs that have never entered your body have a greater chance of making you more ill. Some germs will only make you feel sick the first time you encounter them. One example is chicken pox. If you don’t have an immune system, you would have no way to fight harmful germs that your body meets. You would not know the harmful changes that occur inside of your body as well. There are three main tasks of the immune system one is to fight disease causing changes in the body like cancer cells, another is to recognize and neutralize harmful substances from the environment and to fight disease causing germs like bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses and remove them from the body. (Aranow, 2011) The immune system is usually activated by a lot of different things that the body does not recognize on its own. When this happens, it is known by antigens. Antigens include the proteins on the surfaces of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. When antigens attach to special receptors on the immune cell, a whole series of processes are triggered in the body. Once the body has met a disease cause germ for the first time, it usually stores information about the germ and how to fight it. This happens so if the germ was to encounter it again, it would already be recognizable. After this takes place, the germ can immediately start fighting it faster. (Alberts, et al., 2002)

Within the immune system, there are two subsystems within the immune system. One is known as the innate immune system and the other is the adaptive immune system. When both systems are working together, they are closely linked and can trigger an immune response. The innate immune system provides a general defense against harmful germs and substances. The adaptive immune system makes antibodies and sues the, to specially fight certain germs that the body had previously encounter. Your adaptive immune system is working and learning every day, your body can also fight viruses or bacteria that change over time. (Janeway, Travers, Walport, & Shlomchik, 2001) One disease that can affect your immune system is called “Rickets”. Rickets is a bone disease that effects children. This happens because the bones are weak from not having enough of Vitamin D. When you do not have enough Vitamin D, your bones become weak and soft which leads to fractures and easily broken bones. One way to avoid this is by making sure you have enough Vitamin D by taking vitamins and having a healthy diet. (Rickets, n.d.)

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References: Alberts, B., Johnson, A. M., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2002). The Adaptive Immune System . Retrieved 9 21, 2022, from https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk21070 Aranow, C. (2011). Vitamin D and the Immune System. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 59 (6), 881-886. Retrieved 9 21, 2022, from https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3166406 Janeway, C. A., Travers, P., Walport, M., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2001). The mucosal immune system . Retrieved 9 21, 2022, from https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk27169 Rickets . (n.d.). Retrieved 9 21, 2022, from National Health Service: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Rickets/Pages/Introduction.aspx The Immune System . (n.d.). Retrieved 9 21, 2022, from https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/immunity/immune-detail.html

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