M5 Module Review

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Portage Learning *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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M5: Module 5 Review Due No due date Points 5 Questions 16 Time Limit None Instructions Note: The module described numerous microbial diseases. You are responsible for knowing the causative agent, morphology, and Gram status of each. Where applicable, you should be able to identify an image of the resulting disease state in a patient. Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 22,894 minutes Soutof5 Score for this quiz: 9 out of 5 Submitted Dec 13 at 2:13pm This attempt took 22,894 minutes. Question 1 0/0 pts Define the concept of universal precautions. Your Answer: a set of behaviors designed by the CDC to minimize the spread of infectious disease Universal precautions means any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials.

Question 2 0/0 pts What would a researcher be certain to note while analyzing a microbial sample? Your Answer: 1. Size and shape 2. Any observable motility 3. Gram status (positive or negative) 4. The presence of any chemical reactions 5. Changes in color localized to the organism or the surrounding media 6. Capture (or draw) images of any of the characteristics described above A lab researcher would be certain to note 1. Size and shape 2. Any observable motility 3. Gram status (positive or negative) 4. The presence of any chemical reactions 5. Changes in color localized to the organism or the surrounding media 6. Capture (or draw) images of any of the characteristics described above Question 3 0/0 pts Which non-selective yet differential agar plate should be used if a Streptococcus sample is suspected? Your Answer: (blood agar plate) - quickest way to identify and classify a streptococcus microbe based on hemolysis

A BAP (blood agar plate) would be the quickest way to identify and classify a potential streptococcus microbe based on its hemolytic properties. Question 4 0/0 pts What disease can result if a patient with streptococcal pharyngitis goes untreated? Your Answer: Rheumatic fever - occurs in 3% untreated cases of streptococcal pharyngitis - presenting approximately 2-3 weeks post-infection Rheumatic fever occurs in approximately 3% of untreated cases of streptococcal pharyngitis, presenting approximately 2-3 weeks post-infection. Question 5 0/0 pts Streptococcus, E. coli, pseudomonas, and klebsiella are all capable of causing what disease? Your Answer: septicemia - sepsis

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All of the above foreign microbes are capable of causing septicemia, also known as blood poisoning. Question 6 0/0 pts What is a facultative anaerobe? Your Answer: Facultative anaerobes are organisms that can grow with or without oxygen. These adapt and change their metabolic processes based on their environment. A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (in the absence of oxygen) condition. Question 7 0/0 pts A bacterial swab is taken from a patient with impetigo and streaked across an MSA plate. Following incubation at 37C, what will be the color of the agar? Your Answer: Yellow

The causative agent of impetigo is staph aureus, a Gram-positive - bacterium capable of fermenting mannitol. Fermentation will lower the pH of the agar and change the dye color from red to yellow. Question 8 0/0 pts If a patient were suspected to have tuberculosis (TB), which differential stain would you select and why? Your Answer: - acid-fast stain - As a mycobacterium tuberculosis would stain poorly (indeterminate) using the Gram stain. To stain for TB, one would utilize an acid-fast stain to best visual the foreign microbe. As a mycobacterium tuberculosis would stain poorly (indeterminate) using the Gram stain. Question 9 0/0 pts According to the module, which mycobacterium infection will be treated free of charge by the World Health Organization (WHO)? Your Answer: Leprosy

Leprosy is completely curable using a multiple-drug therapy regimen consisting of various combinations of the drugs dapsone, rifampin and clofazimine—all of which is given free of charge. Question 10 0/0 pts What are the three main conditions caused by the botulism toxin? Your Answer: Infant botulism, food borne botulism, wound botulism Foodborne, infant and wound. Foodborne botulism is often the result of improperly canned, contaminated, low-acidic foods such as green beans, corn and beats. Infant botulism occurs when children, usually under the age of 6 months consume foods containing the bacteria. A potential source of infant botulism is honey (which is why pediatricians recommend avoiding feeding honey to infants) but can also be found in common places such as soil. Wound botulism occurs when C. botulinum bacteria colonize a deep wound, often a puncture such as those who inject street drugs such as heroine. As contaminated needles are injected through the skin, spores enter the body and, in the absence of oxygen, release the toxin. Question 11 0/0 pts Why are infants (< 6 months) more susceptible to botulism? Your Answer: intestinal tract is still maturing -

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Due to infants still maturing intestinal tract and lack of an adult microbiota, the bacteria are able to colonize and produce the associated toxin. In adults, only the direct ingestion of the pre- formed toxin causes disease—ingestion of C. botulinum or the associated spores do not cause illness as a mature intestinal microbiota sufficiently prevents bacterial germination and growth. Question 12 0/0 pts What is the mechanism of action of the toxin produced by clostridium tentani (tetanus)? Your Answer: acts on inhibitory neurons - causing systemic muscle stiffness and spasms. ex: - jaw (lock-jaw) - untreated = respiratory muscles The toxin acts on inhibitory neurons causing systemic muscle stiffness and spasms. Muscle stiffness can be observed in the jaw (lock-jaw) or spread systemically (if left untreated) to muscles relating to respiratory function. Question 13 0/0pts What Gram-negative bacterium might you come into contact with in a unsanitary hot tub? Your Answer: Legionaries disease

~ Legionella is often associated with unclean water systems such as hot tubs, hot water tanks and AC units. Notably, legionella can only be transmitted through water droplets small enough to be inhaled. Question 14 0/0 pts What are the three forms of plague, and what regions do they affect? Your Answer: Bubonic (lymph), pneumonic (lungs) and septicemic (blood). Bubonic (lymph), pneumonic (lungs) and septicemic (blood). Bubonic plague is best characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes. Pneumonic plague affects the respiratory system (lungs). The most rare of all three plagues, septicemic plague targets the ~ blood system and, if left untreated, will develop into a life- threatening iliness as the blood-borne bacteria can infect all major organs. Question 15 0/0 pts According to the module, which STD might be best identified via dark-field microscopy? Your Answer: Syphilis - best identified via dark-field microscopy. Gram staining (and visualization) difficult.

Syphilis. The causative agent, treponema pallidum, is a thin spirochete, making Gram staining (and visualization) difficult. Treponema is therefore most often best identified via dark-field microscopy. Question 16 515 pts As a reminder, the questions in this review quiz are a requirement of the course and the best way to prepare for the module exam. Did you complete all questions in their entirety? Your Answer: Yes Quiz Score: 5 out of 5

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M5 Module Review

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