lab 18

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Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Student Name: Ani Harutyunyan Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-BX89CU Lab Report Format Expecta0ons U"lize college level grammar and professional forma4ng when comple"ng this worksheet. Submissions without proper forma4ng, all required photos or suﬃcient responses will be rejected. Pre- lab Ques,ons 1. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis are related in that they both ul?mately produce haploid cells and share similar meio?c and mito?c cell division, but there are significant differences between the two. Discuss these similari?es and differences below in your own words. Focus on the ?ming, steps and phases of these processes in order to compare and contrast them. (Hint: Your response should be 6-10 sentences in length.) Oogenesis and spermatogenesis are both processes of gamete produc?on in humans, involving meio?c cell division to produce haploid cells, yet they exhibit key differences. Spermatogenesis, occurring con?nuously aRer puberty in males, results in the produc?on of millions of sperm daily. In contrast, oogenesis begins during fetal development in females, pauses, and resumes with each menstrual cycle, typically releasing one egg per cycle. Spermatogenesis yields four viable sperm cells from each precursor cell, focusing on quan?ty, whereas oogenesis produces one viable ovum and polar bodies, emphasizing quality and poten?al embryonic development. The ?ming also differs: spermatogenesis is a lifelong, con?nuous process star?ng from puberty, while oogenesis is discon?nuous, beginning prenatally and proceeding cyclically un?l menopause. These differences highlight the contras?ng reproduc?ve strategies and roles in males and females, with spermatogenesis aimed at maximizing gamete quan?ty and oogenesis focusing on gamete quality and resource alloca?on.

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 1: MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Data and Observa,ons 1. Label the arrows in the following two slides. A. Corpus Spongiosum B. Septa C. Seminiferous tubules D. midpiece E. Flagella F. Nucleus G. Myometrium H. Endometrium I. Uterine glands

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L

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Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Results and Discussion 1. What type of epithelium did you observe in the prepared slide of the penis? Stra?fied Squamous Epithelium 2. Which layer of the uterus forms a new func?onal layer each month? Endometrium

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Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 2: VIRTUAL MODEL - THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Introduc,on Ques,ons 1. How is the reproduc?ve system unlike the other systems of the body? Focus on the purpose of this system as compared to the others in your response. ( Hint : This difference is discussed in the lab materials.) The reproduc?ve system is unique among body systems, focusing not on individual survival but on producing offspring for species con?nua?on, unlike systems like the cardiovascular or diges?ve that support immediate bodily func?ons.

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Data and Observa,ons Insert screenshot of the seminal vesicle below.

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Insert screenshot of the epididymis below.

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Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Insert screenshot of the corpus luteum:

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Insert screenshot of the endometrium below.

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Results and Discussion 1. What is the most superior part of the male reproduc?ve system? What is the most superior part of the female reproduc?ve system? male- testes female- ovaries 2. Which component of the female reproduc?ve tract is more medial: the corpus luteum or the myometrium? myometrium 3. How many seminal vesicle(s) are there in the male reproduc?ve system? 2 4. Relate the loca?on of the myometrium to the endometrium. The myometrium, a muscle layer of the uterus situated under the endometrium (the uterus's inner lining), plays a crucial role in the female reproduc?ve system. The myometrium is tasked with facilita?ng uterine contrac?ons, while the endometrium experiences regular changes due to hormonal varia?ons. 5. Relate the loca?on of the prostate to the deferent duct. The prostate gland encircles the urethra's commencement, and the deferent ducts (vas deferens) align with it, eventually joining the urethra inside the prostate. This configuraLon enables the prostate to add to the seminal ﬂuid during ejaculaLon.

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Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L EXPERIMENT 3: FETAL PIG DISSECTION - THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Introduc,on Ques,ons 1. As stated in Step 4 of the experimental procedure, you should have already determined the sex of your pig. If you have not, do this before beginning the experiment as this will determine which set of procedures you execute. State the sex of your pig, below, and discuss how you determined this. ARer examining its genital area, which is the primary method for sex iden?fica?on in pigs, I determined the pig to be male. The indicator of this was the presence of a scrotum containing testes, located near the hind legs. 2. What is meant by urogenital opening? You will need to iden?fy this in order to begin your experiment. The urogenital opening is the external aperture for both urinary and reproduc?ve systems, essen?al for excre?on and reproduc?ve func?ons.

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Data and Observa,ons Insert a high resolu?on photo of the fetal pig you observed at the end of the experimental procedure, before you prepare it for storage . Your photo must include: ● Your handwriben name and access code must be clearly visible in the background. ● The required anatomical features as stated in either Step 8 for a male pig, or step 5 for female pig. You must have the correct anatomical features shown for credit. Photos not mee?ng these requirements, or that are of too low a resolu?on to clearly make out these features, will result in this lab submission being rejected.

Lab 18 The Reproductive System BIO202L Results and Discussion 1. Describe any observa?ons you made while dissec?ng the reproduc?ve system of your pig. In examining the male pig's reproduc?ve system, an incision was made to reveal the testes in the scrotum. Star?ng at the tes?s's anterior edge, the epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which proceeds forward from the scrotum, crossing over the ureter to join the urethra. Posi?oned just posterior to the umbilical cord, the urogenital opening lies in a folded area housing the urinary bladder. The pig's penis, extending from the urogenital opening, was isolated by an incision made alongside it. To examine the pelvic organs, a central incision was made through the pelvic muscles and bones, with the legs of the pig spread to facilitate access. 2. 3. Why do most male mammals have testes in an external sac? It helps to keep a temperature lower than the body's core, essen?al for effec?ve sperm produc?on and func?onality. 4. What are two func?ons of the vagina? - sexual intercourse - childbirth

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