Biol 443 Lecture assignmentMichael Hoang

docx

School

University of Waterloo *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

443

Subject

Biology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by JusticeMandrill3950

Biol 443 Lecture Assignment The assignment consists of 3 documents: 1. ‘Biol 443 Lecture Assignment’ (aka this file) which has all the questions, 2. ‘Biol 443 Assignment Readings’ which has all the readings, and 3. ‘Biol 443 Lecture Assignment Rubric’. Important Notes: This assignment is more interesting (and fun!) if you read and complete each section as they are presented. Some students may read ahead and use the information from later sections in their answers, however you will not receive any points for using information from a later section of the assignment in an answer in an earlier section. For example, if you read Parts 1-3 before beginning, you cannot use the information you have learned in Part 3 to answer Part 1. The idea of the assignment is that you develop your ideas and present ideas that are supported by information you currently have in the story and information you were instructed to find through the web. If you have any questions, please contact me. I’m happy to help! Please start by reading Part I in the file ‘Biol 443 Assignment Readings’, and then proceed to Part II below. PART II Now that you have read ‘Biol 443 Assignment-Part 1-Salem_secrets’, you know that Sofia Good is accused of witchcraft. Interestingly, one important piece of information that is not mentioned in the story is that she is also a beer brewer. Beer is what she gives to the women that recently gave birth to “ease” their discomfort after pregnancy. Q1. During this time period, Sofia Good would have brewed beer at home using supplies that were easily accessible in Salem village. Select a local carbon source for brewing using crude medium. Explain how you selected your carbon source (1 point) and use the web to determine what percentage is glucose (0.5 point). Your nitrogen source is ammonium. The elemental formula for the yeast she used is C 10 H 18 O 5 N 2 . Please complete and balance the equation below using the glucose and nitrogen from your crude medium. (1 point) Use this equation to determine how many mols of glucose will be needed to create 1 mol of biomass. (1 point) Rye would be the local carbon source used for brewing using crude medium. Rye was chosen because it is the most available and high in production for Salem. Glucose makes around 1% and less of rye according to food struct (Foodstruct, 2016). Balanced equation: 7 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 8 NH 4 + 4 C 10 H 18 O 5 N 2 + 2 CO 2 + 18 H 2 O + 8 H + Divide everything by 4 to find mols:

1.75 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2 NH 4 + 1 C 10 H 18 O 5 N 2 + 0.5 CO 2 + 4.5 H 2 O + 2 H + So for 1 mol of biomass, 1.75 mols of glucose is needed. Q2. Since we know that Sofia Good was giving these girls alcohol, it would be easy to assume that their odd behaviours were due to alcohol intoxication. However, the alcohol percentage in beer at the time was relatively low. If their symptoms were not due to alcohol intoxication, what else could cause this reaction? (Hint: Malnutrition was common, but it did not cause this reaction.) Identify and explain one cause associated with the ingredients and farming conditions from 1691-1692. Support your claim with 2 pieces of evidence (3 point). Other things beside alcohol that could cause the reaction is microorganisms that grow within the conditions which Sofia brew her alcohol. These microorganisms can be toxic and affect the conditions of the girls. Biol 443 Lecture Assignment Now read Part III in ‘Biol 443 Assignment Readings’, and then proceed to Part IV. PART IV Sofia Good decided to examine her beer more closely and realizes that it is contaminated with ergot. She must now look for issues with her fermentation system, to prevent further poisonings. Additionally, she decides that she will fix the issues with her beer before informing the village. Q3. Of these two common fermenter styles, STR or BC, select the one that is most suitable for reducing ergot contamination. Identify the specific microbial physiological characteristics you are targeting to reduce contamination (1 point), and what impact your fermenter will have on it (1 point). How would this end up resulting in reduced concentrations of ergot? (1 point) You must also explain why the other fermenter style is not a good choice (2 points). BC is suitable for reducing ergot contamination. BC is more suitable since it has no moving parts and so does not promote sheering and overall ergot contamination. STR can cause sheer promoting ergot contamination. Furthermore STR doesn’t dissipate heat making the environment warmer, which is more suitable for fungi. Therefore BC would be more suitable for reducing ergot contamination Now read Part V in ‘Biol 443 Assignment Readings’, and then proceed to Part VI. PART VI

Q4. As we’ve discussed before, Sofia’s beer has a low alcohol percentage, and she would like to create a beer with a higher alcohol content. Suggest two changes she can make to the brewing process and explain how these changes would influence biomass and alcohol content. (4 points) You must specifically discuss the principles discussed in class related to the balance between biomass and alcohol, as well as metabolite production. Two changes that can be made to the brewing process to increase alcohol content could be to increase glucose content or allow the fermentation process to occur longer. Increasing glucose would mean having more sugar sources to push the fermentation process of changing sugars to alcohol and therefore more alcohol content. Increasing the fermentation process means that there is more time for the yeast to convert sugars into alcohol which would increase alcohol content as time passes on. For alcohol and biomass balance, if one were to add more glucose, there would be more alcohol content but also more biomass increase because glucose also gets converted to biomass. In regards to prolonging the fermentation process, there will be more alcohol but less biomass because the environment can be toxic to the biomass if enough alcohol percentage is present. Q5. Interestingly, in modern day, ergot derivatives are used to treat migraine headaches and alleviate bleeding after childbirth. Use the biorefinery concept to design a production line that would have allowed Sofia to profit from two products: beer and ergot. Explain how the production line results in two products (2 points). (Hint: Describe how to separate the two products. You will not receive marks for just saying that you would separate ergot from beer.) If you think it helps clarify your design, you can include a diagram. Once you have designed the production lines, you must identify strengths and weaknesses in the design that will influence profit (2 points). This production line starts with cultivating the land for rye production as a primary carbon source, then gathering the Rye to start the two processes of fermentation and Ergot removal. Once the Rye is gathered, the ergot from the rye will be removed to be used in processing Ergot derivatives used to help with headaches and alleviate bleeding. Once the ergot is removed from the rye, the rye can then be used to make beer in another process through fermentation. Therefore this line would then produce the Ergot derivatives and Beer from its processes. Some of its strengths include that there is not much waste and most of the Rye is used for both end products. A weakness can include the fact that there are many more steps in this process and that the production of beer can only wait until Ergot removal is completed. Final Spooky Question! Use your creativity and suggest a name for Sofia Good’s next beverage! You must describe the new beverage you have named. (0.5 points)

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Her next beverage can be called This assignment should be completed using course materials. Any answers that require external internet sources, have been indicated in the assignment. Do not use external sources, unless instructed to in the assignment. Finally, when external sources are used please cite them. You can use MLA or APA, but make sure you use the style correctly! References Rye Nutrition, glycemic index, Calories, Net Carbs & More . Food Struct. (2016). Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://foodstruct.com/food/ryegrain.

Biol 443 Lecture assignmentMichael Hoang

Related Documents