embryology midterm

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University of Waterloo *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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C elegans is a powerful developmental biology model because: a) It has an invariant cleavage b) It lacks introns in its genome c) It has a simple genome d) It is transparent Answer: A and D The number of genes used in early development differs greatly between worms, fish, frogs and mammals True or false Answer: False The anterior posterior axis in c elegans is determined by a. Conditional specification b. Paracrine signals c. Contents of sperm d. Maternal location of Dsh in egg Answer: content of sperm P granules (found in C elegans embryo) determine a. The anterior posterior axis b. Founder cell lines c. Mesoderm cells d. Germ cells Answer: germ cells D During Xenopus gastrulation mesoderm tissues at the dorsal lip rearrange using a. Involution b. Convergent extension c. Vegetal rotation d. Epiboly Answer: involution and vegetal rotation A and C The cavity displaced by gastrulation in Xenopus is a. The vesicle b. The archenteron c. The blastocoel d. Presomitic cavity Answers: archenteron Fertilization in xenopus defines a. The dorsal side of embryo b. The ventral side of embryo c. The anterior of embryo
d. The posterior of embryo Answers: B ventral side of embryo Generation of the organizer requires a. TGF beta and wnt signals b. TGF beta signals c. Neither d. Wnt signals Answer: A. TGF and wnt signals Replacing the anterior mesoderm in limb bud with posterior mesoderm a. Prevents limb extension b. Produces an anterior leg c. Produces a posterior arm d. Produces a chimeric limb Answer: C. Posterior arm In a c elegans embryo in which par 2 is blocked from moving to the cell cortex a. Remains all posterior b. Remains all anterior c. Generates anterior but no posterior d. Generate posterior but no anterior Answer: C. Generates anterior but no posterior If one were to block notch delta signalling after first cleavage in c elegans a. Have on dorsal ventral axis b. Have no anterior posterior axis c. Alter anterior founder cell fates d. Alter posterior germ line cell fates
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