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Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 1. List two organs con- tained in the abdomi- nal cavity. The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, in- testines, spleen and liver 2. a. The purpose of cel- lular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) a. False- (ATP is produced, not ADP) 3. b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell mem- brane. (T or F) b. True 4. c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacro- molecules inside the cell. (T or F) c. False- (This process is called endocytosis) 5. d. Receptor mediat- ed endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) d. True 6. e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cel- lular energy expendi- ture.(T or F) e. False- (Endocytosis is an active process and re- quires cellular energy) 7. In your own words, discuss Tay Sachs disease. What or- ganelle within the cell (1)Lysosomes (2) buildup of toxic lipids inside the cell (biomacromolecules) (3) disability and death, In the genetic disease known as Tay Sachs, one of the nor- mally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is 1 / 8

Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death. 8. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eu- karyotic cell but one appears much larg- er. Based on appear- ance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out res- piration at a more ac- tive rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why. The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster. 9. Explain what hap- pens to the soft palate during swal- lowing. Why? The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. 10. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: Tra- chea, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Alveoli Oropharynx 11. Label the following five items from the di- agram: Label B- Oral Cavity, Label D- Epiglottis, Label E- Glottis, Label F- Trachea, Label G- Esophagus 2 / 8

Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 12. From widest to nar- rowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles 13. Explain why some- one who has hyper- gastrinemia (exces- sive secretion of gas- trin) might develop gastric/stomach ul- cers. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to ero- sion of the stomach lining. 14. Label the following 5 organs of the di- gestive system. To re- ceive credit for the in- testines you must la- bel the specific re- gion. 3: Stomach, 4: Gallbladder, 7: Jejunum (not small in- testine), 9: Appendix (not large intestine), 10: Rectum (not large intestine) 15. Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and pur- poses. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bac- teria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secre- tion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsino- gen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the ac- tive enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins. 16. 2: Nasal bone, 4: Zygomatic bone, 6: Inferior nasal concha, 7: Maxilla, 8: Mandible 3 / 8

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Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below: 17. Label the bones in the figure below: A: Trapezium, B: Scaphoid, C: Lunate, D: Triquetral, E: 5th metacarpal (must include both parts for full credit) 18. A patient has a di- agnosis of osteo- porosis. (1) In your own words, describe this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer. (1) Osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease. When bone tissue degenerates faster than is replaced, the bones become weak. Brittle bones cause increased pain and are more likely to fracture. (2) They would have decreased osteoblasts which are responsible for bone repair. The bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of bone which is done by the work of osteoblasts. 19. Label the following five muscles: B: Temporalis, C: Orbicularis oculi, E: Zygomaticus major, G: Buccinator, J: Depressor labii inferioris 20. F. B&D: B. Wrist extension, D. Extension of digits 2-5 4 / 8

Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 When extensor digi- torum contracts, what action(s) occurs? 21. Would you expect a male to have estro- gen in their blood- stream? Explain why or why not. (1)Yes. Both male and female bodies produce "all" the sex hormones. However, the ratios are different., (2) The adrenal glands are largely responsible for pro- ducing this "opposite" hormone that the testis would not. 22. List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I promote the reab- sorption of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys. ADH 23. List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I am secreted by the beta cells of the pan- creas. Insulin 24. Aldosterone is in- volved in the reg- ulation of sodium and potassium in the body. Explain how too much aldosterone could contribute to high blood pressure. Aldosterone's primary target organ is the kidney, where it promotes renal absorption of sodium and renal excretion of potassium. The blood sodium level is particularly important to the maintenance of blood pressure. Too much sodium causes retention of fluid and increases blood pressure. Therefore, too much aldosterone will cause increased and potentially high blood pressure. 25. A. Identify the senso- ry cell receptor high- lighted in blue, below, also indicated by the arrow. B. What senso- ry information is de- A) Meisner's corpuscles; B) Detects light touch and vibration (mechanoreceptor) 5 / 8

Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 tected by this type of receptor? 26. Match the cell with its single best descrip- tion, using each de- scription only once. Keratinocytes: Produces a protein to protect the skin, Fibroblasts: Produces collagen, Melanocytes: Pro- duces a pigment that absorbs UV rays, Langerhans cells: Assists in immune responses 27. What is the name and function of the struc- ture below? (High- lighted in blue, also indicated by the ar- row) The sebaceous gland (oil gland) produces oil (se- bum) to protect the skin and hair from drying. 28. List the 6 levels of organization of the body Organism > organ system > organ > tissue > cellular > chemical 29. What is anabolism? synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones 30. Which tissues covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body Epithelium 31. List the 3 steps of cel- lular respiration Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport system 32. True or False: Ex- ocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacro- molecules inside the cell. False 33. True or False? Cellu- lar respiration occurs in the mitochondria. True 6 / 8

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Portage BIOD 151 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dapuk7 34. True or false? Inte- gral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell mem- brane. True 35. Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged during an io- dine deficiency? When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary gland continues to produce TSH; so, the thyroid reacts by increasing in size and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is ineffective because active thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine. (The thyroid gets larger to try and capture all the iodine it can, so it can make the right amount of thyroid hormone). 36. A- Identify the senso- ry cell receptor high- lighted in blue, below, also indicated by the arrow. B- What sensory in- formation is detected by this type of recep- tor? A. Pacinian corpuscle B. Detects pressure (mechanoreceptor) 37. Match the cell with its single best descrip- tion, using each de- scription only once. Fibroblasts Keratinocytes Langerhans cells Melanocytes Fibroblasts: Produces collagen Keratinocytes: Produces a protein to protect the skin Langerhans cells: Assists in immune responses Melanocytes: Produces a pigment that absorbs UV rays 38. Sebaceous gland (oil gland) produces oil (sebum) to protect the skin and hair from drying. 7 / 8

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