BIO-FPX1000_VasquezSusanna_Assessment 3-1

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Susanna Vasquez BIO-FPX1000 Fall 2023 - Section 02 Assessment 3
1. Purpose and Importance of Urinalysis in a Routine Physical: a. Purpose: Urinalysis is a common diagnostic test that evaluates the physical and chemical properties of urine. It is an essential component of a routine physical examination as it helps to detect various health conditions, including kidney disease, diabetes, urinary tract infections, and liver problems. b. Importance: i. Kidney Function: Urinalysis provides insights into the functioning of the kidneys by assessing factors such as the presence of protein, blood, and other substances in the urine. ii. Metabolic Health: It can help identify conditions like diabetes by detecting elevated levels of glucose in the urine. iii. Infection Detection: Urinalysis aids in diagnosing urinary tract infections through the detection of abnormal levels of white blood cells and bacteria. iv. Overall Health Assessment: By analyzing urine, healthcare providers can gain valuable information about a patient's overall health and detect early signs of certain diseases. Urinalysis tests are very common. They’re a simple and non-invasive way to check several different aspects of your health (C. C. medical. (n.d.)).
2. Diabetes: In order to understand diabetes and the Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes, you need to first understand how your body processes sugar (UVA Health. (n.d.)). a. Definition: Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. The body's inability to produce enough insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces leads to an imbalance in blood glucose levels. b. Type 1 Diabetes: i. Cause: Results from the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. ii. Onset: Typically diagnosed in children and young adults. iii. Treatment: Requires insulin therapy for blood sugar control. c. Type 2 Diabetes: i. Cause: Develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin, and the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to compensate. ii. Onset: More common in adults, but can occur in children. iii. Treatment: Managed through lifestyle changes, oral medications, and, in some cases, insulin.
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3. Blood in the Urine (Hematuria): You may not see blood in your urine because it is a small amount and is microscopic. Your provider may find it while checking your urine during a routine exam. Pennmedicine.org. (n.d.). i. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Infections in the urinary tract can lead to blood in the urine. ii. Kidney Stones: Sharp-edged stones in the kidneys or urinary tract may cause bleeding. iii. Injuries or Trauma: Blunt or penetrating injuries to the kidneys or urinary tract. iv. Medical Conditions: Conditions such as kidney disease, bladder or prostate cancer, and blood disorders. 4. Lab Scenario: a. Patient Result: Elevated levels of glucose in the urine, along with ketones. b. Possible Condition: Uncontrolled diabetes, specifically diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). c. Explanation: DKA occurs when there is a severe shortage of insulin, leading to the body breaking down fats for energy, resulting in the production of ketones. The presence of glucose and ketones in the urine indicates poorly controlled diabetes, requiring immediate medical attention.
5. Documenting Urinalysis Results: a. Patient Information: Include the patient's name, date of birth, and any relevant identification number. b. Test Information: Specify that the test conducted is a urinalysis. c. Results: i. Physical Properties: Color, clarity, and odor of the urine. ii. Chemical Properties: Levels of glucose, protein, ketones, and other substances. iii. Microscopic Analysis: Presence of red and white blood cells, bacteria, crystals, or other abnormalities. d. Interpretation: Provide a summary of findings and any abnormalities detected. e. Recommendations: Suggest further diagnostic tests or actions based on the results. f. Healthcare Provider Signature: Include the signature and date of the healthcare professional conducting the analysis.
References : professional, C. C. medical. (n.d.). Urinalysis: What it is, purpose, types & results . Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17893-urinalysis Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes . Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes | UVA Health. (n.d.). https://uvahealth.com/services/diabetes-care/types Pennmedicine.org. (n.d.). https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient- information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/hematuria#:~:text=Bloody%20urine%20may%20be %20due,prostate%2C%20or%20kidney%20(glomerulonephritis)
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