M3_BIO111_Assignment1 (1)

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Apr 3, 2024

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The Case of the Murdered Midwife Part I: The Investigation It’s your first day shadowing a detective, and already it’s been interesting…if you can call the murder of a young woman interesting. You’ve been trying to detach yourself by reading the file, but you have interviews later this morning and you’re nervous. Going back to the file, you jot down some notes on what you know so far. Meleea was a 35-year-old nurse midwife with over ten years’ experience delivering babies both in hospitals, as well as in homes when risk for complications were low. She was healthy; her only medical condition was an allergy to bee stings. The body was discovered by her boyfriend when he came over for a planned dinner. The dinner – spaghetti – was laid out, but no cooking had begun. There was also a plate of cupcakes, with a bite out of only one of them. The boyfriend said Meleea had not mentioned feeling unwell when they spoke earlier in the day. She was, however, tired, and understandably upset about a long birth she had assisted with where a mother had died in childbirth. The medical examiner did not have results yet, so you sketch out some questions you have for the interviewees. 1. Who would you interview, and what would you ask? I would interview the boyfriend and ask him where the cupcakes had come from or who made them. I would also ask him if he knows if anyone else had been over to her house recently. 2. Do you have any hypotheses about what happened to Meleea? Write at least one or two possibilities. I think that the boyfriend had tampered with the cupcake that she ate which led to her death. Another possibility could have been choking. Part II: The Medical Examiner’s Report You now have the medical examiner’s (ME) report. The ME believes she died of asphyxiation. You read that there were no marks on the body, including bee stings. She was healthy, but tissue analysis showed some bizarre results. There was tissue death, but not only that, microscopic analysis showed mitochondrial damage. In addition, there were high levels of oxygen in all tissues examined. 1. Based on the above, what cellular process might have been interrupted? Support your answer with the information above and knowledge gained in this module. Cite sources using APA Style. Since the microscopic analysis showed mitochondrial damage, Cellular respiration might have been interrupted. The mitochondria is responsible for things such as ATP production and cellular respiration so if it was damaged in any way it could very well have hindered cellular respiration. Without

Cellular respiration, cells will die by necrosis and this could lead to things such as tissue death. 2. Are there any conflicting pieces of information in the above? If so, what are they? High levels of oxygen in all the tissues contradicts the possibility of death by asphyxiation because asphyxiation usually involves a lack of oxygen. Part III: Analysis of Metabolites The ME’s report also has a note at the end. She suspects poisoning based on the below results. Metabolite Level Compared to Normal (High, Normal, or Low) Oxygen High NADH High NAD+ Low Pyruvate Normal Glucose Normal Acetyl CoA Normal ATP Low ADP High 1. What is the role of each of the above metabolites in cellular respiration? Oxygen: Serves as an acceptor for the electron chain to create ATP NADH: Serves as an electron carrier and transfers them to other molecules NAD+: Serves as an electron carrier to temporarily store energy Pyruvate: Serves as a bridge between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Glucose: Converts to ATP and carbon dioxide to power other cell functions Acetyl CoA: Provides energy synthesis in the Krebs cycle ATP: Serves as the main source of energy that powers cellular activities ADP: Converts back into ATP when energy is needed 2. Which of the above are abnormal? Which are normal? A bnormal: Oxygen, NADH, NAD+, ATP, ADP Normal: Pyruvate, Glucose, Acetyl CoA 3. Based on your answers to the first two questions, what part of cellular respiration do you believe was interrupted? A low ATP is a telling sign that the electron transport chain was disrupted. This is because the transport chain mainly produces ATP so if it wasn’t interrupted then the ATP levels would be normal but since it was then it would explain why there are low levels of ATP.

Part IV: Test Results The ME received results for three poisons, and one came back positive: cyanide, a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration. 1. What is the mechanism of action of cyanide? Focus on the enzyme it inhibits, the type of inhibition, and the normal role of the enzyme in cellular respiration. Cyanide poisons the electron transport chain inside cells and this prevents the body from getting energy through ATP and oxygen. It poisons the transport chain by binding to the cytochrome c oxidase, which is responsible for catalyzing the final step of the electron transport chain, and this blocks the reduction of oxygen to water. Cyanide has a non competitive inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. It binds to an allosteric site and reduces catalytic activity. 2. Explain how Meleea died of asphyxiation when her oxygen levels are high. Since Cyanide prevents the processing of oxygen, the high oxygen levels would mean nothing since the cells could no longer utilize the oxygen for cellular respiration thanks to the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. This would cause her to die of asphyxiation. Part V: Interviews After the detective saw the test results, you interviewed the boyfriend, the grieving husband, and the neighbors. No one confessed to the crime, but you did notice a spatula in the neighbor’s sink with the same color icing on it as the cupcake Meleea had begun eating. The detective bagged the spatula, and after confirming a match, the neighbor was arrested. After further interviews it appeared he had an unrequited love interest that turned to murder.

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