MCB354_SP24_PracticeExam2_Key_FormAFormatted

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1 MCB 354 Practice Exam 2 Key Directions : For each of the following 50 questions, choose the best answer. Each question is worth 2 points (100 points total in this section). 1. Which of the following linkages are found in glycerophospholipids? A. glycosidic B. ester C. phosphodiester D. amide E. ether a. A, C, and E b. B, C, and E c. B and C d. D and E e. B and E 2. Which of the following linkages are found in glycolipids of plants? A. glycosidic B. ester C. phosphodiester D. amide E. ether a. A, B, and E b. C and D c. B and C d. A and B e. B and E 3. Which of the following linkages are found in sphingolipids? A. glycosidic B. ester C. phosphodiester D. amide E. ether a. A, B, and E b. A, C, and D c. B and C d. A and B e. C and D

2 4. Which of the following membrane lipid classes have members that lack a phosphate group? (all answer choices were accepted) A. glycerophospholipids B. ether lipids C. sphingolipids D. sterols a. A, B, and C b. A, C, and D c. B, C, and D d. B and C e. C and D 5. The human blood groups (A, B, O) are determined in part by the identity of the _______________ groups of _______________ in the plasma membrane. a. tail; glycosphingolipids b. tail; glycophospholipids c. tail; ether lipids d. head; glycosphingolipids e. head; glycerophospholipids 6. Phospholipids and sphingolipids are degraded in which organelle? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. Golgi e. lysosome 7. _______________ have a very _______________ nucleus of four fused rings, and a _______________ hydroxyl group at one end of the ring system. a. Glycerophospholipids; nonpolar; polar b. Glycerophospholipids; polar; polar c. Glycerophospholipids; polar; nonpolar d. Sterols; nonpolar; polar e. Sterols; polar; nonpolar

3 Refer to the figure below for Questions 8-11. 8. What is this structure called? a. open bilayer b. mini micelle c. super micelle d. liposome e. plasminogen 9. What is the primary thermodynamic driving force for the formation and maintenance of this structure? a. Hydrogen bond. b. Hydrophobic effect. c. Electrostatic interaction. d. Disulfide bond. e. Hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic effect. 10. If this structure was formed by adding glycerophospholipids to pure water, what do you expect to find inside its cavity? a. Vacuum b. Water c. Water plus free floating glycerophospholipids d. Water plus sodium chloride e. Water plus phosphate

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4 11. What property of glycerophospholipids is responsible for formation and maintenance of this structure? a. Its greasy nature. b. Its elongated shape. c. Its basic nature. d. Its acidic nature. e. Its amphipathic nature. 12. What is the thickness of a typical lipid bilayer? a. 0.3 nm b. 3 nm c. 30 nm d. 3 µm e. 30 µm 13. For glycoproteins, _____, _____, and _____ residues are the most common points of carbohydrate attachment. a. Phe, Tyr, Trp b. Gly, Ala, Val c. Leu, Ile, Pro d. Pro, Gly, Val e. Ser, Thr, Asn 14. An a -helical sequence of about __________ residues is just long enough to span the thickness of the lipid bilayer. a. 5 b. 20 c. 80 d. 320 e. 640

5 15. What effect do cholesterol molecules have on cell membrane fluidity? A. They make long, saturated fatty acyl chains more fluid. B. They constrain the motion of long, saturated fatty acyl chains. C. They have no effect on cell membrane fluidity. D. They make unsaturated fatty acyl chains more fluid. E. They constrain the motion of unsaturated fatty acyl chains. a. Statements A and E b. Statement A only c. Statements D and E d. Statements B and C e. Statement E only 16. “Keeping phosphatidylserine out of the extracellular leaflet is important: its exposure on the outer surface triggers apoptosis.” What is apoptosis? a. Formation of benign tumor. b. Formation of malignant tumor. c. Arrest of cell division. d. Programmed cell death. e. Uncontrolled cell division. 17. A lipid molecule can move from one end of a eukaryotic cell to the other end in a few _______________. a. microseconds b. milliseconds c. seconds d. minutes e. hours

6 18. What does the figure below show? a. Transbilayer movement of a single lipid molecule. b. Lateral movement trajectory of a single lipid molecule. c. Transbilayer movement of a group of lipid molecules. d. Lateral movement trajectory of a group of lipid molecules. e. Free energy change of a single lipid molecule over time. Please refer to the figure below for Questions 19-22. 19. What is 1 ? a. micelle b. liposome c. vesicle d. microdomain e. island

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7 20. What is 2 ? a. fat b. fatty acid c. glycerophospholipid d. cholesterol e. wax 21. Which structure is a GPI-anchored protein? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 22. Which structure is caveolin? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 23. Which of the following entities are involved in inducing curvature in membranes? A. cardiolipin B. caveolin C. BAR domain D. integrin E. cadherin a. A, B, and C b. B, C, and D c. C, D, and E d. A, C, and D e. B, D, and E

8 24. Which of the following entities mediate interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix or with other cells? A. cardiolipin B. caveolin C. BAR domain D. integrin E. cadherin a. A, B, and C b. B and D c. D and E d. A and D e. B, D, and E 25. Which of the following entities is not a protein or a protein complex? a. cardiolipin b. caveolin c. BAR domain d. integrin e. cadherin 26. The direction in which a charged particle moves spontaneously across a membrane depends on which of the following? A. particle size B. chemical gradient C. particle color D. electrical gradient E. particle age a. A, B, and C b. B and D c. D and E d. A and D e. B, D, and E 27. Which transport proteins can move substrates against an electrochemical gradient? a. passive transporters b. primary active transporters c. secondary active transporters d. passive transporters and primary active transporters e. primary active transporters and secondary active transporters

9 28. Skeletal and heart muscle and adipose tissue express GLUT4 ( K t = 5 mM) which responds to insulin: its activity _______________ when insulin signals a high blood glucose concentration. a. increases b. decreases c. halts 29. Which of the following descriptions of the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein is true? A. The exchange it performs is electroneutral. B. Chloride ion must be present for the transport to take place. C. It is a cotransporter. D. It is a uniporter. E. It is a symporter. a. A, C, and E b. B, C, and E c. A, B and C d. D and E e. B and E

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10 Refer to the figure below for Questions 30-32. 30. Which arrow is pointing to a secondary active transporter? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. none 31. Which arrow is pointing to an ion channel? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. none 32. Which arrow is pointing to an antiporter? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. none

11 33. Which amino acid and monosaccharide enantiomers are most commonly found in living organisms? a. D-amino acids and D-monosaccharides b. L-amino acids and D-monosaccharides c. D-amino acids and L-monosaccharides d. L-amino acids and L-monosaccharides e. All possible stereoisomers are equally represented. 34. Free energy change for transport of a charged particle along its electrochemical gradient has a _______________ value, and free energy change for a charged particle against its chemical gradient has a ______________ value. a. negative; negative b. negative; positive c. positive; negative d. positive; positive e. zero; positive 35. The a and b _______________ of the D-glucose ______________ interconvert in aqueous solution by a process called _______________. a. epimers; enantiomer; cyclization b. enantiomers; epimer; cyclization c. enantiomers; anomer; mutarotation d. anomers; enantiomer; mutarotation e. epimers; anomer; mutarotation

12 36. Which molecule is fructose? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

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13 37. Which molecule is galactose? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 38. What is the name of the carbohydrate shown below? a. mannose b. glucose c. ribose d. galactose e. fructose

14 39. What kind of molecule is shown below? a. alcohol b. ketal c. hemiketal d. acetal e. hemiacetal 40. The reaction below is an example of _______________. a. aldehyde formation b. hemiacetal formation c. acetal formation d. hemiketal formation e. ketal formation 41. Which of the following monosaccharides constitute an anomeric pair? a. D -glucose and D -fructose b. D -glucose and L -fructose c. D -glucose and L -glucose d. a - D -glucose and b - D -glucose e. a - D -glucose and b - D -fructose

15 42. b -granules contain linear chains of about 13 glucose residues in _______________ linkage, with _______________-linked branches. a. a 1 ® 4; b 1 ® 6 b. b 1 ® 4; a 1 ® 6 c. a 1 ® 4; a 1 ® 6 d. b 1 ® 4; b 1 ® 6 e. b 1 ® 6; b 1 ® 4 43. _______________ are rich in glycogen granules. a. Leukocytes b. Neurons c. Adipocytes d. Hepatocytes e. Erythrocytes 44. Glycogen obtained in the diet is broken down by a -amylases, _______________ enzymes that act in the mouth and gut to convert glycogen to free glucose. a. condensing b. hydrolytic c. transporter d. redox e. funny 45. Because muscle and adipose tissue lack _______________, they cannot convert the glucose 6-phosphate formed by glycogen breakdown to glucose, and these tissues therefore do not contribute glucose to the blood. a. amylase b. glucose 6-phosphatase c. phosphoglucomutase d. glycogen debranching enzyme e. glycogen phosphorylase

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16 Refer to the figure below for Questions 46 and 47. 46. Which enzyme catalyzes this reaction? a. Amylase b. Glucose 6-phosphatase c. Phosphoglucomutase d. Glycogen debranching enzyme e. Glycogen phosphorylase 47. A is the _______________ end, and B is the _______________ end. a. reducing; nonreducing b. nonreducing; reducing c. reducing; reducing d. nonreducing; nonreducing e. reducing; oxidizing

17 Refer to the figure below for Questions 48 and 49. 48. Which enzyme catalyzes this reaction? a. Glycogen phosphorylase b. Glycogen branching enzyme c. Glycogenin d. NDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase e. Glycogen synthase 49. A is the _______________ end, and B is the _______________ end. a. reducing; nonreducing b. nonreducing; reducing c. reducing; reducing d. nonreducing; nonreducing e. reducing; oxidizing

18 50. A is a ______________ and B is a ______________, and the two are linked via a ______________. a. monosaccharide; nucleotide; phosphate ester linkage b. monosaccharide; nucleotide; glycosidic linkage c. monosaccharide; disaccharide; phosphate ester linkage d. monosaccharide; disaccharide; glycosidic linkage e. monosaccharide; disaccharide; peptide bond Directions : For each of the following 5 questions, choose the best answer. Each question is worth 5 points (25 points total in this section). 51. Protein A has a binding site for ligand X with an association constant ( K a ) of 2.5 x 10 7 M -1 ? What is the dissociation constant ( K d ) for this protein-ligand pair? a. 2.5 nM b. 2.5 μ M c. 2.5 mM d. 40 nM e. 40 μ M

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19 52. Protein A binds to ligand X reversibly with an association rate of 5 × 10 3 M –1 s –1 . This reaction has a dissociation constant ( K d ) of 10 nM. What is the dissociation rate for this reaction. a. 5 × 10 -5 s –1 b. 2 × 10 -6 s –1 c. 5 × 10 -5 M –1 s –1 d. 2 × 10 -6 M –1 s –1 e. The dissociation rate cannot be determined from the information given. Refer to the trehalose structure shown below for Questions 53 and 54. 53. What is the nature of the linkage between the two glucose molecules? a. a 1 ®a 4 b. a 1 ®b 4 c. a 1 ®a 1 d. a 1 ®b 1 e. b 1 ®a 4 54. Which of the following statements about trehalose is true? A. It is a nonreducing sugar. B. It is a trisaccharide. C. It contains an O-glycosidic bond. D. It consists of two ketose monosaccharides. E. It consists of two pentose sugars. a. Statements A and B are true b. Statement A only c. Statements C and E are true d. Statements C and D are true e. Statements A and C are true

20 55. Figure below shows the cyclization of glucose in aqueous solutions. Which of the following statements are false? A. [A] > [B] + [C] B. A is a nonreducing sugar. C. B is a hemiacetal. D. C is a reducing sugar. E. B and C are both furanose sugars. a. Statements A and B are false b. Statements B and C are false c. Statements A, D, and E are false d. Statements D and E are false e. Statements A, B and E are false

21 Directions : For each of the following 5 questions, choose the best answer. Each question is worth 10 points (50 points total in this section). 56. Which of the sugars shown below are epimers of galactose? a. A and B b. B and D c. C, D, and E d. A and D e. B and C 57. Which statements about palmitoleic acid, shown below, is false? A. It is a saturated fatty acid. B. It is an w -3 fatty acid. C. It is an w -6 fatty acid. D. It is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. E. Carbon 8 is part of a carbon-carbon double bond. a. Statements A, B, C and E are false b. Statements B, D, and E are false c. All statements are false d. Statements C and E are false e. Statements A, B, and C are false

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22 58. What type of lipid is the molecule shown below? a. glycerophospholipid b. sphingolipid c. galactolipid d. sterol e. ether lipid 59. Lipid composition wise, ______________ membrane contains the highest percent of cardiolipin, while ______________ membrane contains the highest percent of sphingolipid. a. Plasma, rough ER b. Outer mitochondrial, nuclear c. Golgi; smooth ER d. Inner mitochondrial; lysosomal e. Nuclear; plasma

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23 60. Glycophorin and bacteriorhodopsin are both integral membrane proteins. What can you conclude about the two proteins from the information given below? A. Bacteriorhodopsin is a polytopic membrane protein. B. Glycophorin is a monotopic protein. C. Bacteriorhodopsin has higher molecular weight than glycophorin. D. Glycophorin contains more hydrophobic amino acids than hydrophilic amino acids. E. Bacteriorhodopsin contains more hydrophobic amino acids than hydrophilic amino acids. a. Statements A, B, and C can be concluded from these data b. Statements B, D, and E can be concluded from these data c. Statements A, C, and D can be concluded from these data d. Statements A, C, and E can be concluded from these data e. All of these statements can be concluded from these data

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MCB354_SP24_PracticeExam2_Key_FormAFormatted

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