Scientific Method Lab Exercise Guide (revised) 2.0

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Utah Valley University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Scientific Method & Experimental Design Instructions: This worksheet will be submitted as the lab assignment this week. It is intended to help you recall key points of each exercise in the lab and to prepare for the post-lab quiz. Use the information on the Scientific Method main page to complete Exercises 1, 2, and 3. Exercise 1: What is Science? How scientific is something? What are the seven science “checklist” items described by the Understanding Science website? Click next on the bottom right hand side to explore all the pages on the website and collect your answers. You may also utilize the “search” button in the top right-hand side to type in key terms and find answers to questions in this section. 1. Focuses on the natural world 2. Aims to explain the natural world 3. Uses testable ideas 4. Relies on evidence 5. Involves the scientific community 6. Leads the ongoing research 7. Benefits from scientific behavior Misconceptions about science. On the line in front of each statement, write a “T” if it is true and an “F” if false. _F_ 1. Science is a system of beliefs. _F_ 2. Most scientists are men because males are better at scientific thinking. _F_ 3. Scientists rely heavily on imagination to carry out their work. _F_ 4. Scientists are totally objective in their work. _T_ 5. The scientific method is the accepted guide for conducting research. _T_ 6. Experiments are carried out to prove cause-and-effect relationships. _T_ 7. All scientific ideas are discovered and tested by controlled experiments. _T_ 8. A hypothesis is an educated guess. _F_ 9. When a theory has been supported by a great deal of scientific evidence, it becomes a law.

_F_ 10. Scientific ideas are tentative and can be modified or disproved, but never proved. _F_ 11. Technology preceded science in the history of civilization. _F_ 12. In time, science can solve most of society’s problems. _F_ 13. Science is absolute and unchanging. _T_ 14. Science focuses on adding to our collective knowledge about the natural world. _F_ 15. The peer-review process for publishing scientific papers is used to prolong discovery and innovation. Exercise 2: Scientific Method Directions: Use the following notes to help you recall key points from the narrated Power Point. The numbers to the right are time stamps for the video. Experimental Design Powerpoint Guided Notes 1. Hospital scrubs contain ______500+____ CFU of MRSA. (:20) 2. This chemical is used to disinfectant scrubs in hospitals: _________bleach___________. (:50) 3. Things to consider when you design your experiment (2:00): a. Independent and dependent variables b. Controls c. Randomization of subjects d. Replicate size e. Bias f. stats 4. The independent variable is the variables that you Change. In the MRSA experiment this is the amount of bleach. 2:45) 5. The dependent variable is the variable you is the amount of MRSA. In the MRSA experiment this is the dependent. (2:55) 6. The control group is untreated while the experimental or treatment group is treated. (4:23) 7. In the MRSA experiment the control is the 0 bleach. 8. In the MRSA experiment the treatment groups are: different concentrations of bleach. 9. A positive control causes the dependent variable to not change while the negative control does not. (6:15)

10. Randomization: If you do not randomize your treatments, the data may be misleading data. (7:14) 11. Bias: What would be one acceptable reason to throw out data? (8:40) a. What is an example of a clinical bias? Placebo effect (9:40) b. How do scientists combat the placebo effect? (10:30) ________________Single blind or double blind study_______________________ c. What type of clinical study eliminates the most bias and is considered the “gold standard? Double blind (11:25) 12. Sample Size : The larger the sample size the better. The smaller the sample size the greater the chances for variability. 13. Statistical Tests: How many groups are compared using a t-test? 2 14. What technique could be used to help clarify the methods of a study? (15:00) cartooning. Exercise 3: Biology Research at UNF Directions: Using the UNF faculty biography pages, match the faculty listed below with the specific projects they study. _K_1. David Waddell A. Evolutionary relationships of blue-green algae _I_2. Doria Bowers B. Biochemistry and physiology of Brettanomyces yeast _C_3. Joe Butler C. Population dynamics of fish and blue crabs _N_4. Dale Casamatta D. Reptile biology _L_5. Terri Ellis E. Juvenile fish ecology _O_6. Jim Gelsleichter F. Muscle atrophy _G_7. Quincy Gibson G. Dolphin behavior _A_8. Matt Gilg H. Alligators and the environment _R_9. Laura Habegger I. Arboviruses _D_10. John Hatle J. Tardigrades and evolutionary developmental biology _C_11. Eric Johnson K. Newest faculty member - physiologist (no web page) _B_12. Mike Lentz L. Gram-negative bacteria & antibiotic resistance _Q_13. Judy Ochrietor M. Plant-insect interactions _H_14. Adam Rosenblatt N. Evolutionary questions related to coral genetics _P_15. Cliff Ross O. Ecology, physiology, and toxicology related to sharks _M_16. Tony Rossi P. Stress responses of seagrasses, corals and algae _J_17. Frank Smith Q. Basigin and sensory systems _E_18. Kelly Smith R. Biomechanics and functional morphology _F_19. Candice Tahimic S. Physiology of aging and reproduction of grasshoppers

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Scientific Method Lab Exercise Guide (revised) 2.0

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