HN 400 Exam 4: True-False and Short Answer Questions

Name__________________ HN 400 Exam 4 Version 1 May 3, 2013 Section 1 - True-False Questions. Please circle the correct answer. For false statements, correct the error(s) in the statement (2 points each, 24 points total). 1. Folic acid is the synthetic form and contains one glutamate, while folate is the natural form and contains multiple glutamates. T F 2. Iron can mask a cobalamin deficiency by correcting the microcytic anemia. T F 3. Retinal is the circulating form of vitamin A that circulates bound to DBP and complexed with transferrin. T F 4. Compared to normal bone, in osteomalacia the matrix:mineral ratio is increased and bone mass is decreased. T F 5. Golden rice consumption may lead to vitamin A toxicity. T F 6. Vitamin K and iron are two micronutrients in this section that the DRI committee established equivalents for in order to set their requirements. T F 7. When blood iron levels get too high, hemosiderin is released by the enterocyte that causes the degradation of ferritin, thus preventing absorption. T F 8. When the blood calcium levels get too high, the parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone, which one of its effects is to decrease bone resorption. T F

2 Last Name_________________________ 9. Fe 2+ is the oxidized form of iron that is better absorbed through a transporter into the enterocyte. T F 10. Synthesized and dietary vitamin D3 is transported to the liver bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP). T F 11. Phylloquionine is the form of vitamin K that is produced by bacteria and contains side chains that varies in length. T F 12. Folate is a conditionally essential micronutrient. T F Section 2 - Short & Long Answer Questions (variable points, 51 points total) 13. Once in the liver, what form of vitamin A is stored, and in what cells (2 points)? 14. Supplementing with what form of vitamin A wouldn’t correct night blindness (2 points)? 15. Your friend read an article about peak bone mass and asks you about it. He/she wants to know what peak bone mass is, when it is reached, and why it is important to try to build. What would you tell him/her (3 points)?

3 Last Name_________________________ 16. Why is the bioavailability of phytate low (2 points)? 17. Name the active form of vitamin A, and explain why it is the active form of vitamin A (3 points). 18. How does fluoride decrease cavity formation (3 points)? 19. How does warfarin inhibit blood clotting (3 points)?

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4 Last Name_________________________ 20. Your friend wants to increase his/her calcium levels. He/she sees on a gram basis that rhubarb contains more calcium than milk (348mg vs. 300mg respectively). He/she tells you that he/she would prefer to eat rhubarb instead of consuming milk and asks if these are equally good sources. What would you tell him/her? Justify your answer (3 points). 21. From a dietary requirements perspective, why is beta-carotene expected to provide twice as much vitamin A as α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (3 points). 22. Explain the physiological response when blood iron levels get too high to prevent further increases in iron (4 points).

5 Last Name_________________________ 23. Name the active form of vitamin D and describe in detail how it increases calcium absorption (4 points). 24. Name the micronutrient that is fortified into foods in the US to decrease neural tube defects. In addition, describe the reasoning for its fortification (4 points). 25. How does atrophic gastritis lead to megaloblastic anemia? Include in your answer the micronutrient and protein(s) involved (4.5 points).

6 Last Name_________________________ 26. Describe in detail why vitamin K is important for blood clotting (4.5 points). 27. Starting with the form of iron found in the enterocyte, explain in detail how iron is absorbed, transported, taken up into tissues, and stored. Include in your explanation any changes to iron and proteins/enzymes involved (6 points).

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2013 Exam 4-1

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