#1 Lab Skills WS (8-30)

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Santa Clara University *

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030

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Names: Mahika Tyagi and Andrea Wat TA: Hallie Group Number: 8 Lab Assignment Ecosystems of the Homewood Campus: Part I (Skills Review) Due at the end of today’s lab 100 points possible Notes: Work with your lab partner(s) and hand in a single copy of this assignment. If you like, you can post a copy in your Canvas Lab Group homepage so you can all edit it at the same time. Please include your Group number in the name of your assignment file. Please type all of your answers in red or purple ink to make it easier for your TA to grade. Please upload your completed document as a Canvas Assignment submission as a .doc or .pdf file (and not as a .pages file). QUESTIONS ON PART A 1. Practice with Small-Volume Micropipettor a. Take a photo of your micropipettor when it is set for 4uL. Paste the photo here: b. What is the maximum volume this particular micropipettor can measure? How do you know? Page 1 of 4 The maximum volume of this micropipette is 10 microliters. We know because the label lists the range of the pipettor from 0.5 – 10.00 microliters. Additionally, the knob pushes some resistance upon its user if turned past the 10-microliter mark.
c. After you load the tubes into the centrifuge, but before you spin them, take a photo. Paste the photo here. d. W h y is it important to balance the tubes in the centrifuge? Use “speed” in your answer. e. W hat was your result in step 8 of “Practice with Small-Volume Micropipettor”? List one reason that a student might have result “b”. (10 points) Our result was that the tip was filled and there was no solution left inside the centrifuge tubes in all three (A, B, and C). One reason that a student might have had some liquid left in the centrifuge tubes is because as they were taking liquid from the various solutions (1,2,3,4), they went to the second stop instead of the first stop, thus causing a higher intake of solution than intended. 2. Practice with Large-Volume Micropipettor a. What was your result in step 4? Page 2 of 4 It is importance to balance the tubes in the centrifuge to avoid breaking the rotor of the centrifuge when it reaches its maximum speed. Our result was that the tip was filled and there was no solution left in the centrifuge tube, thus indicating an accuracy in pipette measurements and procedure.
b. Why should you not lay the micropipettor down on the bench while there is fluid in the tip? QUESTIONS ON PARTS B AND C 3. How does the K-12 derived E. coli strain we are using in lab differ from other E. coli strains? (10 points) 4. Suppose you forget to flame the spreader before you use it. How might this affect the results of your experiment? (10 points) 5. In the Streaking exercise, you are directed to overlap the beginning of your second streak with the first streak. What would happen if you failed to do this? (10 points) Page 3 of 4 You should not lay the micropipettor down on the bench horizontally while there is liquid in the tip because the liquid will travel up and into the micropipettor’s functional parts and damage the intake and release ability of the pipette. The K-12 derived E. coli strain differs from the typical E. coli strains in that it is ineffective in colonizing in the human gut and lacks the cell-surface “O antigen” that is responsible in the virulence of typical E. coli cells. The primary reason for flaming the spreader is to kill off and remove any pre-existing bacteria that may already be present on the spreader before exposing it to the E. coli cultures. Failing to flame this spreader may result in the presence of other bacteria on the growth culture plate and will, thus, negatively impact the accuracy of the experiment and prevent any accurate observation of E. coli growth on the plate (confounding bacteria will make it nearly impossible to observe the cultures of E. coli ). Additionally, the amount of E.coli would be uncontrollable and the streaks would be unobservable. If there was no overlap in between the second and first streak then the growth of the colonies in the second streak would be virtually nonexistent and the bacteria would be unable to spread from that initial streak into the pattern of the second streak.
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QUESTION ON PART D 6. For each tree you visit today, decide what your group thinks are its two most identifiable characteristics. Try to pick characteristics that might apply to other trees of the same species, not just the one tree you are viewing today. (30 points) Page 4 of 4