HW 6

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Purdue University *

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30200

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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SLHS 30200 Homework #6 Name: l< U\\ 1 CJY\]S C) Spring 2024 20 points Lab day/time: \/\fQO\ @ ] ] ?)O 1. What type of otoacoustic emission is used clinically the most often? Why? (2 points) Transient otoacoustic emissions because Clicks are the most commonly used stimuli, although tone-burst stimuli may be used. Most commonly, 80- to 85-dB SPL stimuli arc used clinically. The stimulation rate is less than 60 stimuli per second. TOAEs are generally recorded in the time domain over approximately 20 milliseconds. Also, OAE (otoacoustic emissions)—pass” or “refer” result depending on outer hair cell vibration—induced “echoes” detected; mostly used for newborn hearing screening. 2. Whatis the difference between a hearing loss that results from outer hair cell damage compared to inner hair cell damage? (2 points) Outer hair cell damage generally occurs when some of the hair cells within the cochlea are damaged. Sensorineural loss is the most common type of hearing loss. It can be a result of aging, exposure to loud noise, injury, disease, certain drugs or an inherited condition. Inner Hair Cell Loss Disrupts Hearing and Cochlear Function Leading to Sensory Deprivation and Enhanced Central Auditory Gain. 3. Which scala is connected to the stapes through the oval window? (1 points) scala vestibuli 4. Which scala is bordered by Reissner’'s membrane, the organ of Corti, and the stria vascularis? (0.5 points) scala media 5. Which two scalae are connected by the helicotrema? (1 point) scala vestibuli and scala tympani 6. We hear from 20 Hz to 20,000Hz. How many octaves does this frequency range represent? Round to the nearest integer. (1.5 points) 10 octaves

7. Ifthe human cochlea is 35 mm long, and all octaves of frequencies are equally spaced along the basilar membrane length (i.e., 20 to 40, 40 to 80, ...), then how many mm of basilar-membrane distance is represented by each octave. (1 point) 3.5 mm/octave. 8. How many octaves (or fraction of octaves) are represented in each mm? (1 points) 1.28 octaves/mm. 9. Which end of the cochlea do both low and high frequencies travel through? (1 point) The BM presents the first level of frequency analysis in the cochlea because of its changing stiffness and mass from base to apex. High-frequency sound produces maximal BM movement at the base of the cochlea (near the stapes) whereas low- frequency sound also activates the apical parts of the BM. 10. Describe what is meant by the cochlea having a tonotopic representation. (1.5 pts) tonotopic representation refers to the fact that the basilar membrane is organized based on frequencies. the base of the basilar membrane codes the high frequencies, and the apex codes the low frequencies. 11. Describe the concept of the cochlear traveling wave. (1.5 pts) the fundamental cochlear response to acoustic stimuli consists of a displacement wave which propagates along the basilar membrane from base to apex. Also, the spatial representation of sound frequencies in a structure of the auditory system such as the basilar membrane of the cochlea 12. What are the two major functions of inner ear? What anatomical structures correspond to these functions? (1 point) sound detection and body balance which correwponds with the cochlea and vestibular system

13. When an individual is exposed to a narrowband sound with CF of 5000 Hz at a level of 140 dB SPL for an extended period of time, which part of her basilar membrane will suffer the most damage? Why? (1 point) The Base because when you are exposed to such loudness for an extended period of time 1t causes permanent hearing loss. 14. Name the labeled structures in the figure below. (0.5 points each) Organ of Corti MMoOO T > Spiral ganglion Cochlear branch of N VIII A: Bog:‘ Coehlear Wal g scafa veshibuh ' + C o Cothkwr dvC D - Tectorial Mmenby ang E: Rasilar membr L Fi Scalo tympany C1: dutey hair cels H:inner hair celi

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