TASTERS

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School

Arizona State University *

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Course

340

Subject

Biology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by SuperHumanStarlingMaster906

BIO 340 Activity # 5: Hardy-Weinberg and Chi-square analysis Name (Last, First): The following data was obtained from a previous BIO 340 class. Data obtained from reference articles regarding the USA population are also provided and will be used to determine the “Expected” frequency and counts. You will have to analyze the data and provide phenotype, genotype and allele frequencies as well as perform a chi-square analysis. Complete every single empty square. For frequencies, (O-E) 2 /E and X 2 round to two decimal places. For counts use whole numbers. Test paper S = Sodium benzoate Hint: Find q first TASTERS (p 2 + 2pq) NON-TASTERS (q 2 ) Allele frequency # Frequency # Frequency p q BIO 340 140 0.56 60 0.24 0.7 0.3 USA N.A. 0.25 N.A. 0.75 SS (p 2 )a Ss (2pq) ss (q 2 ) Total Observed BIO 340 Counts 90 50 60 200 Observed BIO 340 Frequency 0.45 0.25 0.3 1 Expected Frequency 0.54 0.36 0.75 1 Expected Counts 108 72 20 0.1 (O-E) 2 /E 0.07 0.03 2.4 X 2 = 2.5 Use the Chi-square stable in order to determine if the null hypothesis (H 0 ) is rejected or or not. 1. P value = 0.028 2. Sodium benzoate (S) H 0 = The null hypothesis (H0) for Sodium benzoate (S) posits that there is no substantial impact on the observed frequencies due to the presence of Sodium benzoate. H0: Sodium benzoate has no significant effect on the population frequencies. 3. How do the BIO 340 results compare to those of previously published data from the USA population? Circle the correct answer: a) The frequency of the dominant allele in BIO 340 is similar to the one from the USA data. b) The frequency of the recessive allele in BIO 340 is similar to the one from the USA data. c) The frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles are different from the USA data. 4. If these results could be explained by individuals moving in and out of the population, which evolutionary force is this referring to? This phenomenon could be attributed to the migration evolutionary force. 5. Mention 3 reasons why most populations are NOT in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: 1) Genetic drift due to a small population size. 2) Ongoing gene flow influencing allele frequencies.

3) Selective pressures from the environment leading to changes in allele frequencies. Created by Dr. Susan A. Holechek for BIO 340 (2024)

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