PCR Forensics Simulation Answer Sheet

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Kennesaw State University *

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1112

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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PCR Forensics Simulation Answer Sheet Paste a picture of the DNA gel and either label the picture with the sample names. The order we loaded them was Suspect X-1, Suspect X-2, Evidence 1, Evidence 2, Suspect Y-1, and Suspect Y-2. To label you may want to insert a “text box”. You can also change the direction of the text in the text bog to be vertical instead of horizontal. Suspect X-1 Suspect X-2 Evidence 1 Evidence 2 Suspect Y-1 Suspect Y-2 1. Examine your stained gel on a light box or overhead projector. Which suspects' DNA matches the evidence DNA? Suspect Y-1 matches Evidence 1, and Suspect Y-2 matches Evidence 2 2. Compare your gel with the ideal gel photo provided by your instructor. How can you account for differences in separation and intensity between your gel and the ideal gel? It could depend on the people that injected the samples into the gel whether the bands moved correctly through the gel. This could affect the concentration of the bands, and their ability to move across the gel. 3. How would it affect the spread of the bands if a gel of increased concentration were use d? The spread of bands would be lengthened as the gel is measured by length, and if you increase the concentration, they bands lengthen. 4. If the two suspects had been identical twins, how would it have influenced the results?

The gel bands would be extremely close in length as their DNA is a replica of each other’s. 5. If you forgot to use a clean pipet, pipet tip, or other loading apparatus for every samp l e that you loaded, how would this affect your results from one lane to the next? You would then get inaccurate readings as another individuals DNA would be put into consideration, and if it were a crime, someone could get falsely accused. 6. Explain what happens during the three steps of PCR. PCR starts with the denaturation of the template and forms into separate single strands. Then there is a process called annealing that the primers undergo to each original strand and then into new strand synthesis. Finally, the DNA strand is extended from the primers. 7. Briefly describe the two main types of DNA fingerprinting, RFLP and VNTR/STR. RFLP’s (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) result from deletions, insertions, or base-pair changes in the amino acid sequence. RFLP basically is the differentiation of the lengths of the DNA fragments that then result in two different lengths of DNA strands that are consumed with the same restriction enzyme. VNTR/STR (Variable Number Tandem Repeats) & (Short Tandem Repeats) are spaces of repeated units of the same DNA sequence. VNTR are used for larger analysis use, and STR for shoter repeating sequences. STRs re more accurate with the shorter the length of them. You look at the size of the two lengths when determining the results with these two types of DNA fingerprinting.

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