Chapter 03 Alternate Test Bank_version1

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Dec 6, 2023

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Student name:__________ TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) When the potential of a neuron is made more negative (e.g., moved from -70 to -73 millivolts), the neuron has experienced a depolarization. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) The two ways in which neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse are chemical breakdown and reuptake. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 1
3) The two divisions of the sympathetic nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 2
4) Wernicke's area is primarily concerned with speech production, whereas Broca's area is related to speech comprehension. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 3
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5) Under neuron resting conditions, the inside of the neuron has more sodium than the outside ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 4
6) Under neuron resting conditions, the outside of the neuron has more sodium than the outside ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 5
7) The term action potential and graded potential can be used interchangeably? ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 6
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8) A nerve cell has a mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum? ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 7
9) If released, an inhibitory neurotransmitter would induce a state of depolarization? ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 8
10) If you learn about the serotonin pathway in the brain, at night and when it's time to go to bed, your brain will be producing a lot of serotonin so that you memorize that knowledge? ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 9
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11) If you get frustrated with this question and decide to stand up and go for a walk to clear your head then it's your visceral nervous system working? ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 10
12) Initiating a motor signal in the spinal cord is a function of the frontal part of the grey matter? ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 11
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13) The basic building blocks of the nervous system are specialized cells called ___________. A) neurons B) nerves C) hormones D) dendrites 14) Neurons have three main parts, they are the ___________. A) cell membrane, soma, and axon B) soma, myelin sheath, and axon terminal C) soma, dendrites, and myelin sheath D) dendrites, axon, and soma 15) The nucleus of the neuron and the biochemical structures needed for cell survival are contained in the ___________. A) axon B) cell body C) dendrites D) myelin sheath 16) The branchlike fibres that collect messages from the adjacent neurons and pass them along to the cell body of the receiving neuron are called ________________. A) axons B) potentials C) dendrites D) neurotransmitters 17) The dendrite's function is to ___________. A) receive information from the cell body and send these chemical messages to neighbouring neurons Version 1 12
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B) conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands C) receive incoming chemical messages from neighbouring neurons and send them on to the cell body D) combine and process incoming information 18) The division of the axon into many branches (several hundred in some cases) with endings makes it possible for a single neuron to connect to the dendrites of as many as 50,000 other neurons. These endings are called ___________. A) cell bodies B) dendrites C) axon terminals D) glial cells 19) One of the functions of _____________ is to surround neurons and hold them in place. A) axons B) axon terminals C) glial cells D) cell bodies 20) Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells? A) Surround neurons and hold them in place. B) Manufacture nutrient chemicals that neurons need. C) Send and receive nerve impulses. D) Provide sanitizing functions such as absorbing toxins and waste materials. 21) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Glial cells outnumber neurons about 10 to 1. B) Glial cells outnumber neurons about 1000 to 1. C) Neurons outnumber glial cells about 10 to 1. D) Neurons outnumber glial cells about 1000 to 1. Version 1 13
22) Axon is to dendrite as ___________. A) anion is to graded potential B) send is to receive C) polarize is to depolarize D) resting potential is to action potential 23) Tilly goes to see her newborn nephew at the hospital. She is in awe of him and wonders how many neurons his brain has. What should her estimate of the number of neurons in the newborn's brain be? A) 100,000 million B) 1 billion C) 10 billion D) 100 billion 24) Neurons usually have ___________ axons. A) one B) two C) three D) four 25) Anita has a severe infection. What keeps the toxins from passing onto her brain? A) toxin-barrier B) blood-barrier C) brain-barrier D) blood-brain barrier 26) In a nerve cell, crossing a threshold value of ___________ mV can trigger a depolarization event. A) -90 B) -70 C) -55 D) 0 Version 1 14
27) When it's time to release a neurotransmitter from a synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter A) empties inside the cleft first B) is released outside the cleft because the vesicle fuses with the cleft C) is released along with its vesicle outside the cleft D) All of these are possible outcomes 28) A scientist is trying to manufacture a new drug that allows nerve cells to undergo depolarization more rapidly. The scientist attempts to start a new action potential during an ongoing depolarization of a nerve cell, no results have been shown. The reason the scientist hasn't been successful is because of? A) Absolute refractory period B) Relative refractory period C) Repolarization D) Hyperpolarization 29) A pharmacologist is designing a new drug to be used to treat depression. Part of the drug design involves ensuring that the drugs must pass through? A) Toxin-barrier B) Blood-barrier C) Brain-barrier D) Blood-brain barrier 30) The overall charge inside a resting neuron is ___________. A) positive B) neutral C) negative D) not determined without more information Version 1 15
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A) polarization B) an action potential C) a resting potential D) hyperpolarization 32) A neuron's action potential is also known as a(n) ___________. A) graded potential B) ion potential C) refractory period D) nerve impulse 33) Small variable changes in the electrical potential of a neuron that occur in the dendrites and cell body are called ___________. A) resting potentials B) action potentials C) graded potentials D) polarized potentials 34) When a neuron is stimulated, tiny protein structures embedded in the cell membrane are activated and allow specific ions to cross the cell membrane, thus changing the overall potential of the neuron. These tiny protein structures are called _____________. A) ion channels B) action potentials C) neurotransmitters D) glial cells 35) Shortly after a Version 1 16
neural impulse has been triggered, for a brief period of time, the neuron is not excitable and cannot fire another impulse. This is called _____________. A) action potential B) resting potential C) absolute refractory period D) depolarization period 36) The all-or-none law of neural conduction suggests that ___________. A) all neurons have action potential thresholds but none of them are the same threshold B) if the action potential threshold is just met, a weak action potential will occur whereas if the action potential threshold is exceeded, a more intense action potential will occur C) once the action potential threshold is met, an action potential of uniform and maximum intensity occurs D) once an action potential has occurred, the neuron will either take all or none of the refractory period time before firing another action potential 37) Which of the following represents the normal order of activation in neuronal transmission? A) Axon → dendrites → soma → axon terminals B) Axon terminals → soma → axon → dendrite C) Dendrite → axon terminal → soma → axon D) Dendrite → soma → axon → axon terminal 38) When the myelin coating is damaged, the ___________. A) neurons are not capable of an action potential B) timing of nerve impulses to the muscles is interrupted C) chemical transmission stops D) person cannot think Version 1 17
39) In terms of the speed of neural communication, comparing an axon with myelin to an axon without myelin is most like comparing ___________. A) an electrical wire without insulation B) a telephone to a pager C) electricity to natural gas D) a doctor to a lawyer 40) When the resting potential of a neuron becomes more positive (e.g., goes from -70 millivolts to +40 millivolts), this is referred to as ___________. A) inhibition B) depolarization C) hyperpolarization D) an action potential 41) John has been diagnosed with a condition where there is damage of the myelin sheath. John likely has ___________. A) Parkinson's disease B) multiple sclerosis C) dementia D) Alzheimer's disease 42) The chemical substances that neurons produce which carry messages across the synapse to the other neurons are called _______________. A) neurotransmitters B) action potentials C) graded potentials D) hormones 43) An excitatory neurotransmitter is likely to cause the membrane potential to be close to _______________. A) -100 mV B) -65 mV Version 1 18
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C) +20 mV D) 0 mV Version 1 19
44) After running a marathon, an athlete will not feel as much pain because their brain releases? A) GABA B) Dopamine C) Glutamate D) Endorphins 45) A new study is being conducted to assess the brain chemistry of patients who are newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which neurotransmitter should this study measure? A) Dopamine B) Serotonin C) Endorphin D) Norepinephrine 46) Which neurotransmitter is excitatory? A) GABA B) Endorphin C) Glutamate D) Serotonin 47) The synaptic cleft is a ___________. A) location in the neuron where neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles B) tiny area on the tip of the dendrite of the next neuron C) large area where neurotransmitters are released D) tiny gap between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron 48) The tiny gap between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron is called the ___________. Version 1 20
A) receptor site B) cleft C) synaptic cleft D) dendrite 49) Neurotransmitters are synthesized and then stored in small sacs of membrane called ___________. A) synaptic vesicles B) the synaptic cleft C) soma D) receptor ions 50) In this stage of the chemical communication process, neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neurons. This stage is called _______________. A) synthesis B) storage C) release D) binding 51) Large protein molecules embedded in the receiving neuron's cell membrane are called ___________. A) synapses B) receptor sites C) synaptic vesicles D) dendrites 52) Neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to the ___________ of neighboring neurons in a lock and key fashion. A) cell bodies B) axon terminals C) synaptic vesicles D) receptor sites Version 1 21
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53) Neurotransmitters that increase the postsynaptic neuron's negative potential are called ___________. A) excitatory transmitters B) inhibitory transmitters C) receptor sites D) synaptic vesicles 54) In neurotransmission at the synapse, after a neurotransmitter is released, it diffuses across the synaptic cleft and ___________. A) attaches to receptor sites on the receiving cell B) continues travelling down the axon of the next neuron as an action potential C) never actually touches the receiving neuron but acts as a stepping stone for the action potential to skip across the gap and keep travelling down the next neuron D) uses ion channels to enter the next neuron 55) Neurotransmitters that increase the negative potential of a neuron are specifically called ___________. A) excitatory neurotransmitters B) inhibitory neurotransmitters C) graded potentials D) action potentials 56) Neurotransmitters that are ______________ can generate ______________. A) inhibitory; an action potential B) inhibitory; a graded potential C) excitatory; an action potential D) excitatory; hyperpolarization 57) The process in Version 1 22
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which neurotransmitters are deactivated when they are taken back into the presynaptic axon terminal is called ___________. A) restoring B) regeneration C) recycling D) reuptake 58) The order of the five steps of chemical communication is ___________. A) synthesis, storage, release, binding, and deactivation B) storage, synthesis, binding, release, and deactivation C) release, synthesis, binding, storage, and deactivation D) synthesis, release, storage, binding, and deactivation 59) Botulism, a serious type of food poisoning, acts as a(n) ____________ for acetylcholine (ACh) and results in potentially fatal paralysis of the muscles. A) deactivator B) agonist C) antagonist D) neuromodulators 60) Black widow spider's venom acts as a(n) _____________ for acetylcholine (ACh) and results in violent muscle contractions, convulsions, and possible death. A) deactivator B) agonist C) antagonist D) neuromodulators 61) An agonist is a(n) ___________. Version 1 23
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A) excitatory neurotransmitter B) drug that decreases the activity of a neurotransmitter C) inhibitory neurotransmitter D) drug that increases the activity of a neurotransmitter 62) Any drug that inhibits or decreases the effect of a neurotransmitter is called a(n) ________________. A) antagonist B) antigen C) agonist D) neuromodulator 63) Agonist is to antagonist as ___________. A) help is to assist B) decrease is to increase C) facilitate is to hinder D) hinder is to impede 64) An agonist can produce its effects by each of these EXCEPT ___________. A) binding with and stimulating postsynaptic receptor sites B) enhancing a neuron's ability to synthesize, store, or release neurotransmitters C) making it more difficult for neurotransmitters to be deactivated D) reducing a neuron's ability to synthesize, store, or release neurotransmitters 65) An antagonist can produce its effects by ___________. A) reducing a neuron's ability to synthesize, store, or release neurotransmitters B) binding with and stimulating postsynaptic receptor sites Version 1 24
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C) making deactivation more difficult D) increasing the activity of a neurotransmitter 66) Alcohol is a(n) ___________. A) depressant with both agonist and antagonist effects B) stimulant that increases the activity of neurons C) antagonist of GABA D) agonist of glutamate 67) Caffeine is a stimulant drug that increases the activity of neurons and other cells by ___________. A) increasing GABA activity B) reducing adenosine activity C) serving as an agonist for the transmitter adenosine D) serving as an antagonist for the transmitter GABA 68) Which of the following drugs is considered to be an agonist for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine? A) alcohol B) amphetamines C) caffeine D) nicotine 69) Which of the following best captures the association between acetylcholine and nicotine? They are like ______________________ ____. A) the opposite sides of a teeter-totter B) two extremely different personalities existing in the same person C) two keys that fit in and open the same door lock D) the brake pedal and gas pedal of a car Version 1 25
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70) Cocaine and amphetamines are similar in that they both ___________. A) decrease levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine B) are considered to be antagonistic drugs for dopamine C) increase levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin D) achieve their effects by inhibiting reuptake 71) Which mechanism will deactivate neurotransmitters and take it back into the presynaptic axon terminal? A) Repackage B) Recycle C) Reabsorption D) Reuptake 72) A neuron sends an action potential to the muscle that contracts your eyelid. This neuron would be classified as a(n) __________________ neuron. A) excitatory B) action C) sensory D) motor 73) The function of the interneurons is to ___________. A) carry information from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord B) carry information from the brain and spinal cord to various muscles or organs C) perform all neural functions except the sensory and motor functions in the nervous system D) connect neurons with glial cells 74) Interneuron is to motor neuron as ___________. A) higher mental function is to muscle contraction B) paralysis is to muscle contraction C) higher mental Version 1 26
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function is to sensation D) sensation is to higher mental function Version 1 27
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75) The type of neuron that carries input messages from the sense organs to the central nervous system is called the ___________. A) interneuron B) sensory neuron C) exoneuron D) motor neuron 76) The number of interneurons is ____________ other types of neurons. A) much more than B) much less than C) about the same as D) insignificant compared to the 77) Jon hears his phone ring and reaches out his hand to answer it. Which type of neurons did Jon use to input the sound of the phone? A) interneurons B) sensory neurons C) exoneurons D) motor neurons 78) The breathing centers are located in the pons within the central nervous system. The pons is part of? A) forebrain B) midbrain C) hindbrain D) spinal cord 79) If you are going for a run and your airways dilate to breathe in more oxygen then this would be a result of which nervous system working? Version 1 28
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A) Somatic sensory B) Somatic motor C) Visceral motor D) Enteric 80) We are comparing two individuals, individual 1 is resting at home after having dinner. Individual 2 is in the jungle running away from a wild animal. Which nervous systems are activated in individuals 1 and 2? A) 1: Sympathetic 2: parasympathetic B) 1: Parasympathetic 2: sympathetic C) 1: Sympathetic 2: sympathetic D) 1: Parasympathetic 2: parasympathetic 81) Learning to hippocampus is like emotion and aggression to? A) Thalamus B) Amygdala C) Cerebellum D) Pons 82) Hormones to the pituitary gland is like sleep and arousal to? A) Thalamus B) Amygdala C) Cerebellum D) Pons 83) A child is experiencing sleep related problems. At the sleep clinic, the technologist decides to measure the child's brain waves. Which assessment is helpful in this scenario? A) ECG B) EKG C) EEG D) EMG Version 1 29
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84) Jon hears his phone ring and reaches out his hand to answer it. Which type of neurons did Jon use to move his hand? A) Interneurons B) Sensory neurons C) Exoneurons D) Motor neurons 85) The somatic nervous system is responsible for ___________. A) slowing down the body and keeping it calm B) involuntary functions such as circulation and digestion C) the fight-or-flight response D) voluntary motor movements and receiving sensory signals 86) The division of the peripheral nervous system that senses the body's internal functions and controls the glands and the smooth muscles is called the ______________________ _ nervous system. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) autonomic 87) Which division of the nervous system is responsible for respiration, blood circulation, and digestion as well as motivation, emotional behaviour, and stress response? A) Autonomic nervous system B) Somatic nervous system C) Parasympathetic nervous system D) Central nervous system 88) If the nervous Version 1 30
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system is like a car, then the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system would be most like the ___________. A) steering wheel and the engine B) gas pedal and the brake pedal C) taillights and the headlights D) front seat and the back seat 89) The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play complementary roles in maintaining a balanced and constant internal state called __________. A) metasynthesis B) homeostasis C) neural plasticity D) resting potential 90) In the human body, which nervous system is responsible for activating the body for such things as the fight-or-flight response? A) Autonomic B) Somatic C) Sympathetic D) Parasympathetic 91) In the human body, which nervous system is responsible for calming and slowing down the body processes? A) Somatic B) Parasympathetic C) Sympathetic D) Autonomic Version 1 31
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A) Somatic nervous system B) Peripheral nervous system C) Parasympathetic nervous system D) Sympathetic nervous system 93) You are walking down a dark hallway and your friend jumps out to startle you. Afterward, you calm down and return to homeostasis. Which division of the autonomic nervous system calms your body down? A) Sympathetic nervous system B) Parasympathetic nervous system C) Peripheral nervous system D) Somatic nervous system 94) As you enter the classroom to take the exam covering this material, your heart rate increases, your muscles become tenser, and you start to sweat. These symptoms are most likely produced by your _____________________ system. A) somatic nervous B) immune C) parasympathetic nervous D) sympathetic nervous 95) Sally was walking her puppy in the park, when a huge ferocious dog began to chase her. Grabbing her puppy, she ran out of the park as fast as she could. Which nervous system helped her encounter the stressful situation? A) Sympathetic nervous system B) Parasympathetic nervous system C) Somatic nervous system D) Central nervous system 96) A primary advantage of spinal reflexes appears to be that the reaction times are reduced because the ________________. A) spinal reflexes Version 1 32
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are routed through the central nervous system B) spinal reflexes are NOT routed through the brain C) neurons responsible for these reflexes need no neurotransmitters D) neurons responsible for these reflexes have no myelin 97) The main purpose of spinal reflexes is to ___________. A) respond to immediate situations using cognition B) respond to prolonged situations C) reduce reaction time D) inhibit pain and fear 98) If you accidentally grab the handle of a hot pan, your sensory nerves will trigger ___________. A) a nerve impulse to your spinal cord. You will immediately pull your hand from the hot handle but that message will never be sent on to your brain B) a nerve impulse to your brain. You will pull your hand from the hot handle once your brain processes that information, which takes less than half of a second C) a nerve impulse to your wrist. You will pull your hand from the hot handle but the message will not be sent to your central nervous system D) simultaneous nerve impulses to your spinal cord and brain. However, you will pull your hand from the hot handle without the nerve impulse having to be processed in your brain 99) Brain functions, including memory, planning, and attention, can be measured using ___________, which assesses verbal and non-verbal behaviours to provide clinical evaluations of individuals. A) neuropsychological tests B) stimulation techniques C) electrical recording D) brain imaging Version 1 33
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100) To study the function of a brain area, researchers can damage that part of the brain and then observe resulting behavioural changes. This technique is called ___________. A) Stimulation B) tomography C) lesioning D) cannulation 101) During brain surgery, a physician places a small electrode on the patient's exposed cerebral cortex. Although the patient is anesthetized, he is still conscious and the physician asks him to report what he experiences when different parts of the brain are electrically activated. This physician is using which method of studying the relation between the brain and behaviour? A) Neuropsychological tests B) Stimulation technique C) Brain imaging D) Electrical recording 102) The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an example of which method of assessing the relation between the brain and behaviour? A) Brain imaging B) Neuropsychological tests C) Electrical recording D) Destruction and stimulation techniques 103) Which technique measures the activity of thousands of neurons in many parts of the brain and produces a graph with patterns corresponding to the states of consciousness? A) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) B) Computerized axial tomography (CT) scans C) Electroencephalogram (EEG) D) Neuropsychological evaluations Version 1 34
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104) CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs are all similar in that they all can ___________. A) be classified as brain stimulation techniques B) be used to capture brain activity C) be classified as brain imaging techniques D) make use of various types of X-rays to create images of the brain 105) The use of highly concentrated X-rays to take pictures of narrow slices of the brain is called a ___________ scan. A) PET B) CT C) MRI D) fMRI 106) You are a physiological psychologist who wishes to record changes in neural activity within specific brain areas while people perform a learning task. Which brain imaging method would you find most useful in recording ongoing changes? A) fMRI B) CT scan C) EEG D) A neuropsychological test 107) Which technique uses a harmless form of radioactive glucose to measure brain activity, including metabolism, blood flow, and neurotransmitter activity? A) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C) Positron emission tomography (PET) scans D) Electroencephalogram (EEG) Version 1 35
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A) MRI B) EEG C) CT scan D) PET scan 109) Which technique produces the most detailed, coloured images of the brain and can be used to study both brain structure and brain activity? A) Computerized axial tomography (CT) scans B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C) Positron emission tomography (PET) scans D) Electroencephalogram (EEG) 110) A CT scan is to a PET scan as brain ___________. A) activity is to brain structure B) structure is to brain activity C) damage is to brain stimulation D) stimulation is to brain damage 111) As Brenda breathes slowly, she ponders the amount of inhaled oxygen that is being consumed by her brain. What should Brenda's estimate be? A) 5 percent B) 10 percent C) 15 percent D) 20 percent 112) Ron is asked to solve a puzzle as the physician scans his brain using positron emission tomography (PET). The physician is measuring the brain's _______________. A) consumption of glucose B) consumption of oxygen C) consumption of fat D) electrical activity Version 1 36
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A) older structures of the human brain are responsible for the more complex brain functions, such as thinking and creativity B) more recently developed structures of the brain are responsible for the basic life functions, such as breathing and heart rate C) more recently developed brain structures are built atop the older brain structures D) older brain structures are built atop the more recently developed brain structures 114) The specific brain structure concerned primarily with timing and muscular coordination, as well as learning and memory, is the ___________. A) medulla B) cerebellum C) pons D) hindbrain 115) A blow to the back of the head can be fatal if it damages the ___________. A) medulla B) cerebellum C) occipital lobe D) reticular formation 116) After Joe fell and hit the back of his head, his movements have been fairly uncoordinated and he has not been able to acquire any new skills that require automatic movement. Joe most likely had damage to his ___________. A) medulla B) reticular formation C) pons D) cerebellum 117) Police officers try to determine if a driver is drunk by giving him/her tests of coordination. That is because alcohol disrupts _____________ function. A) reticular formation B) pons C) cerebellum Version 1 37
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D) medulla Version 1 38
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118) The medulla and pons are similar in that they both are ___________. A) involved in respiration B) involved in sleep C) involved in regulating heart rate D) part of the midbrain 119) The reticular formation does NOT play a major role in A) consciousness, sleep and attention B) protecting individuals from over stimulation C) monitoring the flow of messages into and out of the brain D) coordinating muscle movements 120) After falling from a height and hitting the back of his head on the ground, a man lapses into a permanent coma. Which part of his brain has most likely been damaged? A) Thalamus B) Medulla C) Reticular formation D) Cerebellum 121) The brain's sensory switchboard is ___________________. A) medulla B) hypothalamus C) thalamus D) hippocampus 122) The only sense that does not send information through the thalamus is the sense of ___________. A) vision B) hearing C) touch D) smell Version 1 39
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123) The structure that plays a major role in emotional and motivational behaviours, including sexual behaviour, temperature regulation, sleeping, eating, drinking, and fighting or fleeing is the ____________. A) thalamus B) limbic system C) hippocampus D) hypothalamus 124) The function of the basal ganglia is the A) coordination of opposite side muscle movement B) deliberate and voluntary control of movement C) regulation of sleep and arousal D) organization of emotional and motivational behaviours 125) A male rat has a particular area of its brain destroyed and is no longer interested in engaging in sexual behaviours. It is most likely that the site of damage in the rat's brain is in the _____________. A) hippocampus B) thalamus C) hypothalamus D) amygdala 126) As well as its function in the central nervous system, the hypothalamus also plays an important role in the endocrine system because of its connection with the ____________. A) thalamus B) pons C) adrenal glands D) pituitary gland Version 1 40
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127) The amygdala organizes emotional and motivational behaviours, especially those linked to ____________. A) thought and reason B) euphoria and humor C) sadness and depression D) aggression and fear 128) Sarah injures her head falling off of a ladder and then is unable to remember recent events that have happened since her fall. Damage to which brain area is most likely responsible for her memory difficulties? A) thalamus B) hippocampus C) amygdala D) hypothalamus 129) The cortex that is responsible for the control of approximately 600 muscles involved in voluntary bodily movements is called the __________ cortex. A) sensory B) motor C) association D) occipital 130) The type of cortex involved in mental processes such as thought, memory, and perception is called the ____________ cortex. A) limbic B) motor C) sensory D) association 131) The ___________ receives input that gives rise to sensations of heat, touch, cold, balance, and body movement and is located in the parietal lobe. A) somatic sensory cortex B) parietal lobe C) motor cortex D) temporal lobe Version 1 41
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132) The somatic sensory cortex is located in the _________________ lobe. A) cerebral B) frontal C) parietal D) temporal 133) Damage to the Wernicke's area located in the temporal lobe would leave an individual unable to ___________________ written or spoken speech. A) talk B) produce C) comprehend D) walk 134) Sally suffered a stroke on her left hemisphere in her frontal lobe. Now Sally is unable to produce speech. Sally's stroke damaged what area in her brain? A) Motor cortex B) Broca's area C) Wernicke's area D) Somatic cortex 135) After suffering a stroke, Ejike finds that although he is still able to talk, he is unable to understand the speech of others, even though he can hear the language sounds that are being produced. Ejike has most likely suffered damage to _______. A) Broca's area B) Wernicke's area C) his frontal lobe D) his parietal lobe 136) Wernicke's area and Broca's area are similar in that they both ____________. A) play important roles in language processing B) are important for normal visual Version 1 42
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processing C) are found in the frontal lobe D) are typically located in people's right hemisphere 137) Patients with frontal lobe damage ____________. A) have speech difficulties B) show uncontrollable anger and emotion C) often exhibit apathy and don't seem to care about anything D) have difficulty remembering recent events 138) Which of the following would best be viewed as a description of the association cortex? A) Bodily sensations B) Highest mental functions C) Lower mental functions D) Survival functions 139) The condition known as agnosia is most strongly related to the damage to which of the following? A) Association cortex B) Cerebellum C) Wernicke's area D) Limbic system 140) John hit his head during a fall down the stairs and received damage to his frontal lobes. Which of the following would be the most likely result of this injury? A) Death or the need for life support B) The inability to plan and carry out a sequence of actions C) The inability to remember recent information or events D) A complete loss of speech Version 1 43
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141) The term "executive functions" has the strongest association with which of the following? A) Prefrontal cortex B) Medulla C) Thalamus D) Association cortex 142) Functions such as goal-setting and strategic planning are associated with the ___________ cortex. A) sensory B) motor C) prefrontal D) parietal 143) Donald Hebb was an important Canadian neuroscientist best remembered for his work on a mechanism for learning and memory called the ____________. A) McGill synapse B) learning circuit C) sequential circuit D) Hebb synapse 144) Some researchers think the most significant evolutionary advance in the human brain was the development of the association cortex, which is thought to be responsible for the ____________. A) human ability to have many emotions rather than the primary three B) complex coordination of motor behaviours C) ability to acquire new mental skills specific to our human way of life, such as reading and mathematics D) ability to recognize kin 145) In 1868, Dr. Harlow wrote of Phineas Gage, "He is fitful, irreverent, indulging at Version 1 44
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times in the grossest profanity. manifesting but little deference for his fellows, impatient of restraint or advice when it conflicts with his desires." This change to the personality of Phineas Gage was the result of ____________. A) damage to his occipital lobe B) untreated epileptic seizures C) undetected exposure to environmental toxins D) damage to his prefrontal cortex 146) Martin has a history of violent criminal behaviour because of his inability to consider the consequences of his actions or control his impulses. As a neuropsychologist, which cortical area do you think is most likely to be dysfunctional in him? A) Temporal B) Parietal C) Prefrontal D) Occipital 147) The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the ____________. A) executive functions such as goal setting, judgment, strategic planning, and impulse control B) important mental functions such as perception, language, and thought C) motivational and emotional behaviour such as temperature regulation, sexual behaviour, fighting, and fleeing D) vital functions such as eating, drinking, sleeping, heart rate, and respiration 148) The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected by a broad white band of myelinated nerve fibres called ____________. A) Wernicke's area B) the corpus callosum C) the cingulate gyrus D) the Version 1 45
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hemispheric connector Version 1 46
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149) The role of the corpus callosum is to allow the ____________. A) nerve impulses to travel from one hemisphere to the other B) hemispheres to process sensory information twice C) prevention against impairment if one side of the brain were to get damaged D) brain to work as two separate and distinct units, independent from one another 150) The areas responsible for language are found on the left hemisphere. This relatively greater localization of a function in one hemisphere or the other is referred to as ____________. A) aphasia B) split brain C) plasticity D) lateralization 151) Your friend has just received some wonderful news so she laughs and is very joyful. While she is laughing, your friend's ________ will likely show more activity. A) limbic system B) occipital lobe C) right hemisphere D) left hemisphere 152) Research indicates that differences in specializations between right and left hemisphere functions go unnoticed because of ____________. A) the corpus callosum B) lateralization C) plasticity D) aphasia Version 1 47
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153) Roger Sperry was the first to discover how the brain would operate if the corpus callosum was severed in these studies. A) split brain B) aphasia C) frontal cortex D) plasticity 154) Split-brain research was made possible originally by surgical techniques in which the _________ was cut to limit the potential brain damage caused by epileptic seizures. A) optic chiasm B) corpus callosum C) thalamus D) hypothalamus 155) A person who has had his corpus callosum cut is briefly shown a picture of a spoon in his left visual field. Which of the following accurately describes what he will be able to do? He will say that he saw ____________. A) a spoon B) nothing but would be able to select a spoon from among a group of objects with his left hand C) nothing but would be able to select a spoon from among a group of objects with his right hand D) nothing and no matter how we test him, he shows no indication of ever having seen the spoon 156) A person with a severed corpus callosum is briefly shown a picture of a bird and after this presentation she is able to tell the experimenter that she just saw a bird. Given this information, we can conclude that ____________. A) the person is showing evidence of neural plasticity since she shouldn't be able to perform this task with a severed corpus callosum B) the picture of the bird must have been shown in the person's left visual field C) the picture of the bird must have been shown in the person's right visual field D) for this person, language Version 1 48
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processing appears to be lateralized in the right hemisphere Version 1 49
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157) If the patients with their corpus callosum severed were shown a picture of a hairbrush in their right visual field, then the patients would ____________. A) NOT be able to verbally describe what they had seen B) be able to verbally describe what they had seen C) be able to select, using their left hand, the object from a group of objects D) be able to select, using their left hand, the object from a group of objects, but not be able to verbally describe what they had seen 158) The ability of neurons to change their structure and function is called neural ____________. A) concordance B) flexibility C) elasticity D) plasticity 159) The brain changes that occur when you learn to walk, acquire speech, read, and fall in love are called neural ____________. A) accommodation B) plasticity C) elasticity D) personality 160) You don't want your pet turtle Flash to be bored, so you go out of your way to make his cage very exciting and interesting. You change things around frequently and give him new things to explore. If your efforts actually produced changes in the neurons of Flash's brain, then they would best illustrate the concept of ___________. A) neural plasticity B) natural selection or survival of the fittest C) adaptation D) lateralization 161) Research on neural Version 1 50
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plasticity indicates that young children recover more effectively from brain damage than adults. Which of the following can best account for this fact, young children have? A) About 50% more synapses than adults do B) About 50% more neurons than adults do C) More neurotransmitters than adults do D) More neuromodulators than adults do 162) When neurons die because of aging or damage, surviving neurons can NOT restore functioning by ____________. A) increasing the volume of neurotransmitters they release B) sprouting more dendrites C) extending axons from surviving neurons to form new synapses D) growing more new axons on each surviving neuron 163) Babies who are reared in stimulating environments with a lot of human interaction can be expected to show ____________. A) stunted neurological development due to over stimulation B) faster neurological development than babies in less stimulating environments C) slower neurological growth than babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome D) a level of neurological development that is standard among all infants, regardless of environment and experience 164) Neuroscientists have found that cell death is programmed into every neuron by its genes, and that the neuron's "suicide apparatus" can be activated by ____________. A) a lack of stimulation from other neurons B) some genetic diseases Version 1 51
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C) severe brain damage D) overstimulation during panic attacks 165) Neurogenesis, which is the growth of new neurons in an adult brain, has been found in the ____________. A) hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients B) frontal lobes of Alzheimer's patients C) hippocampus of rodents and primates D) frontal lobes of rodents and primates 166) Jasper consumes high levels of alcohol regularly. What functions are likely to be affected due to this behaviour? A) His digestion B) His blood circulation C) His heart rate and respiration D) His sex drive 167) A severe head injury has produced a permanent coma in Ana. What part of her brain has been damaged? A) thalamus B) reticular formation C) forebrain D) hypothalamus 168) The brain stem "our reptilian brain" is made of? A) Midbrain only B) Pons only C) Medulla oblongata only D) Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata Version 1 52
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A) Thalamus B) Hypothalamus C) Basal ganglia D) Pons 170) Following a stroke, a patient is no longer capable of formulating speech (they can't speak fluently). Which area of the brain is likely affected by the stroke? A) Broca's area B) auditory C) Wernicke's area D) somatic sensory area 171) In the laboratory, Sarah electrically stimulated a part of a rat's brain that made it assume an aggressive posture. What part of the brain did she stimulate? A) Hypothalamus B) Hippocampus C) Amygdala D) Basal ganglia 172) In a severe accident, Ray damages the Broca's area in his frontal lobe. What function will be affected with this injury? A) Speech production B) Speech comprehension C) Reading ability D) Writing ability 173) Rajan is an excellent problem-solver, a strategic planner, and exercises good judgment. This shows that Rajan has a well-working ___________. A) cereb ral cortex B) prefrontal cortex C) temporal lobe D) occipital lobe Version 1 53
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174) New brain cells have developed in Rodney's brain. This process is known as A) neural migration B) plasticity C) neurogenesis D) neuronal regeneration Version 1 54
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Version 1 55
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Answer Key Test name: Chapter 03 Alternate Test Bank 1) FALSE 2) TRUE 3) FALSE 4) FALSE 5) FALSE 6) TRUE 7) FALSE 8) TRUE 9) FALSE 10) FALSE 11) FALSE 12) TRUE 13) A 14) D 15) B 16) C 17) C 18) C 19) C Version 1 56
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20) C 21) A 22) B 23) D 24) A 25) D 26) C 27) B 28) A 29) D 30) C 31) B 32) D 33) C 34) A 35) C 36) C 37) D 38) B 39) A 40) B Version 1 57
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41) B 42) A 43) C 44) D 45) A 46) C 47) D 48) C 49) A 50) D 51) B 52) D 53) B 54) A 55) B 56) C 57) D 58) A 59) C 60) B 61) D Version 1 58
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62) A 63) C 64) D 65) A 66) A 67) B 68) D 69) C 70) D 71) D 72) D 73) C 74) A 75) B 76) A 77) B 78) C 79) C 80) B 81) B 82) D Version 1 59
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83) C 84) D 85) D 86) D 87) A 88) B 89) B 90) C 91) B 92) D 93) B 94) D 95) A 96) B 97) C 98) D 99) A 100) C 101) B 102) C 103) C Version 1 60
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104) C 105) B 106) A 107) C 108) A 109) B 110) B 111) D 112) A 113) C 114) B 115) A 116) D 117) C 118) A 119) D 120) C 121) C 122) D 123) D 124) B Version 1 61
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125) C 126) D 127) D 128) B 129) B 130) D 131) A 132) C 133) C 134) B 135) B 136) A 137) C 138) B 139) A 140) B 141) A 142) C 143) D 144) C 145) D Version 1 62
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146) C 147) A 148) B 149) A 150) D 151) D 152) A 153) A 154) B 155) B 156) C 157) B 158) D 159) B 160) A 161) A 162) D 163) B 164) A 165) C 166) C Version 1 63
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167) B 168) D 169) C 170) A 171) A 172) A 173) B 174) C Version 1 64
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