Module 5 Lab Report

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Dec 6, 2023

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Module 6 Lab Report Cell Membranes, Diffusion and Osmosis Student Name: Cell Membrane: 1. What is the primary molecule that makes up cell membranes? Phospholipids 2. Label the cell membrane diagram below: A Hydrophobic tails B Glycoprotein C Peripheral protein D Protein Channel E Hydrophobic heads F Carbohydrate G Integral protein H Glycolipid I Bilayer 3. In module 5 you extracted DNA from strawberries using dish detergent, water, salt and alcohol. Using what you now know about cell membranes, what was the purpose of the dish detergent in the
extraction buffer? It was to break down cell membranes. The way it breaks down the cell membranes is because it is an amphiphilic molecule which means is has hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics. It uses hydrophobic properties that allow it to break down the cell membrane while the hydrophilic end interacts with the water. 4. Why did the detergent work so well in the extraction buffer? It works well because it breaks apart the cell membranes which makes for easy DNA extraction. 5. Watch the video linked here: Diffusion of Dyes in Agar Why did the red dye diffuse farther? The red dye may have a higher concentration gradient. 6. Watch the video linked here: Comparing Diffusion of Dyes in Agar a. Why was Potassium permanganate and methylene blue run twice in the experiment? To be a control variable and also ensure the results are accurate. b. Of the dyes being tested, would you conclude they were larger or smaller in molecular size? If we compare the dyes to the control, they have a higher molecular weight. c. Defend your answer to question b. They diffuse at a slower rate. 7. What process was observed in the videos? Diffusion a. How would the rates of that process change if the concentration of the agar the dyes are in was decreased? There would be faster diffusion because there is a steeper concentration gradient. b. What if the agar concentration was increased? There would be a slower rate of diffusion because there is a reduced concentration gradient. 8. Elodea is a plant found in freshwater environments that is commonly used in the laboratory to study photosynthesis, osmosis and diffusion. Using the terms of tonicity, determine if each of the cell samples from elodea were in hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic environments.
For the images above the first image is isotonic the second image is hypotonic and the last image is hypertonic Animal cells have similar reactions as plant cells in environments of different tonicities. Label the pictures of red blood cells with the correct tonicity of the environment they were most likely in. Hypotonic isotonic Hypertonic 1. What is the salt concentration of saline? (You may need to research that) According to usgs.gov the concentration of saline The salt concentration of a saline solution is 0.9% a. What is most likely to occur to the red blood cells of a patient if the saline solution they were being given through their IV was a 10% NaCl concentration? The red blood cells would shrink because the solution would become hypertonic. b. Why aren’t patients on IV treatments given pure water instead of saline? Because the water is hypotonic compared to the body fluids of the patient it can cause the cells to swell. c. 5% Glucose in Ringer’s solution is a combination of water, NaCl, Glucose and other buffering solutes. What is the advantage of using a Ringer’s solution with 5% glucose over regular
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saline if both solutions are isotonic in the circulatory system? The advantage is it provides an energy source in glucose that is readily available for the cells. i. What could happen to the patient if the glucose concentration was increased to 10%? The cells could shrink because the solution would become hypertonic. ii. What could happen to the patient if NaCl was removed from the Ringer’s solution? The cells would swell because the solution is hypotonic compared to those in the patient's body fluids 2. Complete the following virtual lab: Cell Homeostasis Virtual Lab Fill in the table with the measurement data from the virtual lab Solution Weight of dialysis bag before Weight of dialysis bag after Net Change in Weight (be sure to include is value is + or -) Tonicity of Environment A 17.59g 17.66g +0.007g Isotonic B 8.75g 10.40g +1.65g Hypotonic C 11.24g 12.10g +0.86g Hypotonic D 10.71g 10.57g -0.14g Isotonic E 18.05g 15.60g -2.45g Hypertonic 1. What was the control in the cell homeostasis lab? Pure water 2. Did glucose move across the membrane? No 3. Did water move across the membrane? Yes 4. Why was water able to move across the membrane but glucose could not? Water is smaller and simpler compared to glucose for glucose to pass through it requires special transport proteins. 5. How does the rate of diffusion effect the rate of osmosis? Faster diffusion leads to a faster rate of osmosis. 6. This experiment uses a type of tubing called dialysis tubing. How is dialysis tubing used for people that have renal (kidney) failure that have to undergo hemodialysis? It creates a
semipermeable membrane that allows the excess fluid and waste to be removed from the patient's bloodstream. It mimics the function of healthy kidneys.

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