BSC 2011 Animals - PRACTICE EXAM

BSC2011 Principles of Biology: Animals Fall 2023 PRACTICE EXAM 1. A fish is swimming in a lake and out jumps a predator! Which physiological system would best play a part in how this fish escapes its predator? A. Nervous system B. Endocrine system C. Immune System 2. In which of the following animals would muscles attach to the inside of the exoskeleton for the movement of an appendage? A. Human (a vertebrate) B. Sea star (an echinoderm) C. Fiddler crab (an arthropod) D. All of the above Two reoccurring themes in this class were negative feedback and countercurrent exchange . For questions #3 - #4, select which phenomenon best describes both systems listed. 3. Heat transfer in limbs and oxygen exchange in gills both operate by: A. Negative feedback B. Countercurrent exchange 4. The HPA axis and thermoregulation both operate by: A. Negative feedback B. Countercurrent exchange 5. Which of the following metabolic strategies is not heterotrophy? A. Parasitism B. Scavenging C. Photosynthesis D. Herbivory 6. True or false: Cortisol is considered the primary stress hormones in mammals because its actions are specific to stress related processes. A. True B. False 7. True or false: Because they cannot regulate their own body temperature, only ectotherms engage in behavioral thermoregulation. A. True B. False

8. The thermoneutral zone describes the range of temperatures where thermoregulation requires the least amount of energy in which of the following animals? (Select all that apply) A. Mammals B. Fish C. Birds D. Insects Questions #9 - #11 refer to the following image: 9. The image above shows two “flat” animals. The arrows point in the direction that they are swimming. Which of these animals can be described as dorsoventrally flattened ? A. The marine flatworm B. The European eel 10. In the image above, which animal does not have specialized organs for respiration? A. The marine flatworm B. The European eel 11. In the image above, which animal is triploblastic? A. The marine flatworm B. The European eel 12. A mammal with very short Loops of Henle in its kidneys likely lives in which type of environment? A. Freshwater river B. Terrestrial forest C. Nearby human habitation D. A desert 13. True or false: Only nocturnal animals have biological clocks. A. True B. False

For questions #18 - #21, refer to the following image of a neuron: 18. Which letter represents the destination for an action potential? 19. Which letter represents a glial cell? 20. Which letter represents the site where a neuron is receiving information from other cells? 21. Which letter represents the site where action potentials take place? 22. Analysis of hormones in the urine is possible because: A. All hormones have a very long half-life. B. The kidney can filter hormones out of the blood stream. C. Some target cells have enzymes to degrade unused hormones. 23. Which of the following represents the correct order of events in mammalian respiration? A. Bulk flow → diffusion → hemoglobin binding B. Diffusion → hemoglobin binding → bulk flow C. Diffusion → Bulk flow → hemoglobin binding 24. Several organ systems exhibit rhythmicity in their activity. Which of the following achieves rhythmicity endogenously? A. Heart beat B. Breathing C. Thermoregulation 25. Which of the following characteristics would best describe a fish that does not drink water? A. Water is lost through the gills via osmosis. B. Salt diffuses into the body via the gills. C. Its cells are hyper-osmotic relative to the water it lives in. 26. True or false: Many marine birds and reptiles have salt glands which excrete salt and do not require ATP. A. True B. False

27. The guts of grazing animals like zebra and cows have specialized anatomy whose function serves to: A. Provide more space necessary to digest large amounts of grasses. B. Communicate with the autonomic nervous system. C. Provide a suitable habitat for communities of microbes that are pathogenic. D. Provide a suitable habitat for communities of microbes that are mutualistic. 28. Which of the following statements about Vitamin A is false ? A. Vitamin A is used during photoreception in animals. B. Under periods of stress, animals can synthesize their own Vitamin A. C. Animals can obtain Vitamin A from eating plants. D. Vitamin A was the first vitamin discovered by scientists. 29. Which of the following statements about thermoregulation is false ? A. Endothermy is always more costly than ectothermy. B. Ectotherms are rarely found in extremely cold environments. C. Metabolic requirements for endothermy change across different temperatures. 30. Which of the following animal groups contains the greatest number of described species? A. Deuterostomes (contains the echinoderms and chordates). B. Nematodes (contains all roundworms). C. Arthropods (contains the crustaceans, insects, spiders, etc). D. Mollusks (contains all bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, etc). 31. The majority of animals have which of the following symmetry types? A. Asymmetry. B. Radial symmetry. C. Bilateral symmetry. For questions #32 - #33, use the following information: Negative feedback systems require four components: A. Controlled variable B. Sensors C. Control mechanism/center D. Effectors 32. For negative feedback control of thermoregulation, which component describes shivering? 33. For negative feedback control of thermoregulation, which component describes the hypothalamus? 34. The most recent evidence suggests that ctenophores are the sister taxon to the rest of the animals. What evidence helped support this conclusion? A. Comparisons of chromosome arrangements across the animal kingdom. B. This conclusion is more parsimonious. C. Ctenophores have guts and brains, like the rest of the animal kingdom. D. Sponges use countercurrent exchange, like the rest of the animal kingdom.