unit hw scientific method 2017-18 with ans key

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1 NAME: _________________________ Pre AP PHYSICS PERIOD: ______ UNIT H.W. Scientific Method DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice. Place the correct answer in the blank. _____ 1) A biology class at SMHS conducted a survey of the plant species found on school grounds. They found Bermuda grass and were surprised that it is classified as an invasive species in Texas? Of the following, which is the most likely place they looked to have gotten that information? A) Better Homes and Gardens Magazine C) Texas Monthly magazine B) Texas native plant guide D) Botany textbook _____ 2) Which of the following best explains why a student researching Black holes should use the most recent information sources available? A) Any research more than ten years C) Old sources are old is obsolete and useless. more difficult to understand. They use older English. B) Research into Black holes began D) Newer discoveries build upon older only a few years ago. knowledge. _____ 3) You see a story on Instagram  that Chinese scientists have successfully cloned the first human embryo. Which of these would be the best resource to research in depth whether the find is true? A) on your Facebook  feed C) Wikipedia  B) Daily television news D) The newsfeed of the National Science Foundation (NSF) _____ 4) Maria was observing swallowtail butterflies in the wild in Martindale. Which one of these is an observation that she could have made? A) The swallowtail belongs to the class C) There are 550 species of swallow- Insecta . tail butterflies. B) The swallowtail is closely related to the D) The swallowtail likes to Monarch butterfly anatomically. fly more than its other activities. _____ 5) In science, an observation that is unbiased would most likely be made by: A) An employee of a tobacco company C) A member of a musical group about about the effects of smoking. the quality of their style of music. B) An Environmental Protection Agency D) A member of a political group about inspector investigating water quality its party’s environmental policies. at a water treatment plant.

2 6) Given these hypotheses, underline the dependent variable once, the independent variable twice and the measurable result three times. A) If the visibility of night vision goggles is related to the wavelength of ultraviolet light, then changing the color of the light will change the night time visibility of the googles. B) If attendance at a Rattler football game is related to Fast and Furious sequels grand premieres, then the more Fast and Furious premieres on game nights, the lower the football game attendance. C) If the pressure of a gas is related to its temperature, then increasing its temperature will increase the pressure. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Place the correct answer in the blank. _____ 7) Two plants found in the dry region of the Texas Panhandle exhibit different abilities to survive. Species A has very slow stem growth and few leaves but is abundant. Species B has rapid stem growth and many leaves but is very rare. Which hypothesis is most likely supported by this information? A) Reduced root growth may give Species A C) Leaf size may give Species B an advantage over Species B. a disadvantage compared to Species A. B) Reduced stem growth gives Species A D) Flower size and color may give an advantage over Species B. Species B a disadvantage compared to Species A. _____ 8) Scientists have noted a decline in fungi species dating back to the early 1900’s. Hippies have noticed with concern that the annual crops of edible mushrooms in France and Germany have declined since 1950. One hypothesis to explain this decline is that edible fungi are being over-harvested and cannot replenish fast enough. Other factors could contribute to the decline. Which of the following findings would nix/rend null and void overharvesting as the cause of the decline? A) Similar declines among edible North C) Fungal population increases American species. in tropical regions where mush- rooms are not part of the diet. B) High fungal numbers in remote D) A parallel decline in non-edible Unpopulated areas. Species of mushrooms.

3 _____ 9) A dog-loving student creates the hypothesis that if thick leg muscles in dogs depends only on inheritance, then the environment that they are kept in should have little effect on their muscles. He collects data that shows dogs living outdoors have thicker leg muscles than indoor dogs. What does this imply about his hypothesis? A) Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles C) Inheritance alone may not may not survive indoors. account for thickness of muscles B) Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles D) Inheritance of thick leg muscles Only show it if they live outdoors. is associated with dog breeds that prefer living outdoors. _____ 10) A student creates the hypothesis that if drone sales are related to the completion date of the U. S.-Mexico border wall, the closer the border wall gets to being completed, the more drones will be sold in border towns. What is the measurable result of this hypothesis? A) the cost of the wall (in dollars). C) the days to completion of the border wall B) the height of the wall (in meters). D) number of drones being sold. _____ 11) Zits were studied to determine if the amount of humidity in the air affected the appearance of these face critters. Which of these was the independent variable? A) The percent of humidity in the air. C) the number of zits appearing. B) The size of the zits appearing D) the time of day _____ 12) Which mouthwash brand is most effective against bacteria: Listerine  , Plax  , Colgate  , or Scope  ? Four different circles from a paper towel are soaked in different mouthwashes. The circles are placed in a Petri dish with a bacteria from the mouth (see image at right). The dish is incubated for 24 hrs and then the paper towel circles are put under a microscope to count bacteria left. What could be done to improve the experiment? A) Use different kinds of bacteria. B) Use the same size circle for each mouthwash. C) Use the same type of mouthwash on each circle. D) Use a smaller Petri dish.

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4 _____ 13) You think that only animals and humans compete for limited food, resources, and space? Nope! A student wanted to look at inter-species and intra-species competition between plants, in other words, how plants compete against each other in the same species and between different species. He set up the following plants with the same amount of sunlight, soil, and water. What is the role of the plants planted by themselves (A and C)? A B C D E A) independent variables C) placebos B) control groups D) dependent variables _____ 14) A student from the SMHS Ecology Club wanted to study the effect of temperature on algae levels in the San Marcos River. Which items are most useful for gathering data at the river? A) Ultraviolet glasses, sponges, syringes C) Microscopes, tweezers, and water filters B) pH strips, fecal matter test kits D) Test tubes, thermometers _____ 15) Which sentence best describes the importance of control groups in an experiment? A) Control groups allow comparison C) Control groups reduce with runs that have not had the the need for large samples independent variable changed. B) Control groups reduce statistical D) Control groups eliminate the Variation in data collection. need for repeating experiments _____ 16) A&M University scientists studied a flock of Great Blue Herons that spent the winter in Texas. The herons migrate in the spring to Canada. What would be the best way for scientists to distinguish between the birds studied in Texas and other Great Blue Herons that show up in the Canadian location? A) Follow the Texas flock by vehicle on C) Capture birds in the Canadian a daily basis all the way to Canada. location and dissect them to find clues of feeding in Texas. B) Capture and put bands on the Texas D) Take photographs of the Herons and then record the bands winter and spring flocks observed in Canada. in Texas for comparison.

5 _____ 17) Jan is a little OCD and repeatedly checks the water level in her water bottle. How might this practice of repeatedly doing something be most useful to her when doing scientific experiments? A) She might get faster and faster at measuring because she does it over and over. B) Her measurements might be very accurate. C) Her measurements might be very precise. D) She might become an expert about anything having to do with water. _____ 18) Which of the following methods would provide the most accurate Information about local attitudes concerning sanctuary cities and illegal immigration? A) Listen to speeches given by politicians. C) Study newspaper articles. B) look through people’s trash cans . D) Take an opinion poll of local residents. _____ 19) According to the data collected in this experiment, what is indicated? A) Euglena are photosynthetic organisms. C) Both are photosynthetic organisms. B) Paramecium are photosynthetic D) Neither are photosynthetic organisms. organisms. _____ 20) A biology class wants to verify the effects of heavier traffic flow on Highway I-35 on Blue Bonnet populations near the highway during spring time. The class could best conduct a study by sampling flowers found around the highway area when? A) In 5 and 10 years C) Before & after the first day of spring B) Now, 5, and 10 years from now. D) At the beginning and end of spring season. _____ 21) Which of the following is not a property of a Law? A) universal (applies everywhere) C) simple (expressed as equation) B) true (never contradicted) D) complex (composed of many statements)

6 _____ 22) Which of the following is a Theory? A) _____ of Atomic Structure C) Ohm’s ____: V = I · R B) Ideal Gas _____: P  V=n  R  T D) Boyle’s ____: P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 _____ 23) Which of the following is a Law? A) _______of Evolution C) E = m  c 2 B) Plate Tectonics ________ D) Big Bang ______ _____ 24) Which would increase confidence in a scientist’s conclusions? A) Relates to and is consistent with C) Successfully predicts new finds results in several fields. D) all of the above B) Several researchers successfully duplicate her results. _____ 25) Kelly collects the following measurements for the length of a wooden block, 65 m, 65 m, 65 m, and 65 m. If the actual length of the block is 70 m, which of the following is correct? A) Kelly’s measurements are accurate, but not precise. B) Kelly’s measurements are neither accurate nor precise. C) Kelly’s measurements are pr ecise, but not accurate. D) Kelly’s measurements are both accurate and precise. MATH PROBLEMS. _____ 26) Convert 35,928 feet per second to miles per hour. There are 5280 feet in 1 mile and 3600 seconds in an hour. A) 9.98 mi/hr B) 6.80 mi/hr C) 52,694.4 mi/hr D) 24,496.4 mi/hr _____ 27) Calculate the following, expressing the answer in scientific notation: (9.26  10 -12 )  (8.10  10 -6 ) A) 7.50  10 -17 B) 8.91 x 10 -18 C) 5.4  10 -6 D) 1.14  10 -6 _____ 28) Convert 0.249 mL (milliliters) to L (Liters) using scientific notation. A) 2.49  10 -4 B) 0.249  10 -3 C) 0.249  10 -4 D) 2.49  10 2 _____ 29) Calculate the following, expressing the answer in scientific notation: 8.86 / (1.0  10 -3 + 3.610  10 -3 ) A) 1922  10 3 B) 1.922  10 2 C) 1.922  10  3 D) 1.922  10 3 _____ 30) Convert 786 MV (Megavolts) to V (volts). A)7.86  10 8 V B) 7.86  10 6 V C) 7.86  10 2 V D) 7.86  10 -4 V

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7 Use the graph below for questions 31 – 33. NOTE: The graph is a velocity vs. time graph. _____ 31) Where is the object speeding Up positively? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E _____ 32) Where is the object maintaining the same speed/velocity? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E _____ 33) If the object started at the origin (dist. = 0 meters, at t = 0 min, in what segment will it be closest to the origin again? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Use the Nutrition Facts label at right for questions 34 – 36. _____ 34) How many Calories of energy will you gain if you eat one cup of soup? A) 125 C C) 500 C B) 250 C D) 750 C _____ 35) How many Calories of energy will you gain if you eat the whole container of soup? A) 250 C C) 1000 C B) 500 C D) 2000 C _____ 36) How many grams of soup would you have to eat to get 100% of the daily value of Fat based on a 2,000 Calorie diet? A) 298 gm C) 724 gm B) 523 gm D) 878 gm A B C D E

8 Surface area of a sphere density of a substance Temperature of object above room temperature Height of object dropped volume of a substance radius of a sphere final velocity of object time elapsed after removing heat source from object DIRECTIONS: In the table below: 37) Match each item listed in the left column above with its likely pair in the right column. The two items are related to each other proportionally. 38) Determine which of the variables is the likely independent variable and which one is the dependent variable. 39) Determine if each relationship is directly proportional, inversely proportional or neither. Dependent or Independent? Directly or inversely proportional? Variable 1 Dependent or Independent? Variable 2 Surface area of a sphere Density of a substance Temperature of object above room temperature Height of object dropped 40) Match the relationships above with the tables below which have values that make sense. There is one for each. Fill in the table headers with the appropriate variable names. The left columns are the independent variables and the right columns the dependent variables. 0 min 100  0 m 0 m/s 1 94 5  10 2 89 10  14.1 3 85 15  17.3 1 un 4  un 2 10 cm 3 2 gm/cm 3 2 16  20 1 3 36  30 ⅔ 4 64  40 ½ a. b. c. d.

9 41) Find the proportionality constant for each relationship. Be sure to include the units. a. _________________________________ c. ___________________________________ b. _________________________________ d. ___________________________________ 42) Come up with an equation from the proportionality statement for each of the relationships. REMEMBER: direct relationships will be of the form y = kx n where n > 0 and inverse relationships will be y = kx n where n < 0. EX: Possible answers could look like y = kx, y = kx 2 , y = k  x, y = k/x. a. _________________________________ c. ___________________________________ b. _________________________________ d. ___________________________________ 43) Make a concept map/flow diagram in the space below for the scientific method. Your first item should be “ Ask A Question ” . The rest of the steps are found below but they are out of order. Put them in your concept map/flow diagram in the right order. Communicate results Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions Results partial or not at all align with hypothesis Construct a Hypothesis Ask a question Do background research Test with an Experiment Make corrections to your thinking and try again. Results align with hypothesis ______ ______

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10 NAME: ANSWER KEY __________ Pre AP PHYSICS PERIOD: ______ UNIT H.W. Scientific Method DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice. Place the correct answer in the blank. _ B. __ 1) A biology class at SMHS conducted a survey of the plant species found on school grounds. They found Bermuda grass and were surprised that it is classified as an invasive species in Texas? Of the following, which is the most likely place they looked to have gotten that information? A) Better Homes and Gardens Magazine C) Texas Monthly magazine B) Texas native plant guide D) Botany textbook _ D. __ 2) Which of the following best explains why a student researching Black holes should use the most recent information sources available? A) Any research more than ten years C) Old sources are old is obsolete and useless. more difficult to understand. They use older English. B) Research into Black holes began D) Newer discoveries build upon older only a few years ago. knowledge. _ D. __ 3) You see a story on Instagram  that Chinese scientists have successfully cloned the first human embryo. Which of these would be the best resource to research in depth whether the find is true? A) on your Facebook  feed C) Wikipedia  B) Daily television news D) The newsfeed of the National Science Foundation (NSF) _ D. __ 4) Maria was observing swallowtail butterflies in the wild in Martindale. Which one of these is an observation that she could have made? A) The swallowtail belongs to the class C) There are 550 species of swallow- Insecta . tail butterflies. B) The swallowtail is closely related to the D) The swallowtail likes to Monarch butterfly anatomically. fly more than its other activities. Observations are just what you see on the surface. No analysis. _ B. __ 5) In science, an observation that is unbiased would most likely be made by: A) An employee of a tobacco company C) A member of a musical group about about the effects of smoking. the quality of their style of music. B) An Environmental Protection Agency D) A member of a political group about inspector investigating water quality its party’s environmental policies. at a water treatment plant.

11 6) Given these hypotheses, underline the dependent variable once, the independent variable twice and the measurable result three times. B) If the visibility of night vision goggles is related to the wavelength of ultraviolet light , then changing the color of the light will change the night time visibility of the googles . B) If attendance at a Rattler football game is related to Fast and Furious sequels grand premieres , then the more Fast and Furious premieres on game nights, the lower the football game attendance . C) If the pressure of a gas is related to its temperature , then increasing its temperature will increase the pressure . Independent variables are the cause and dependent variables are the effect. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Place the correct answer in the blank. _ B. __ 7) Two plants found in the dry region of the Texas Panhandle exhibit different abilities to survive. Species A has very slow stem growth and few leaves but is abundant. Species B has rapid stem growth and many leaves but is very rare. Which hypothesis is most likely supported by this information? A) Reduced root growth may give Species A C) Leaf size may give Species B an advantage over Species B. a disadvantage compared to Species A. B) Reduced stem growth gives Species A D) Flower size and color may give an advantage over Species B. Species B a disadvantage compared to Species A. The problem says nothing about the leaf or flower size and color _ D. __ 8) Scientists have noted a decline in fungi species dating back to the early 1900’s. Hippies have noticed wit h concern that the annual crops of edible mushrooms in France and Germany have declined since 1950. One hypothesis to explain this decline is that edible fungi are being over-harvested and cannot replenish fast enough. Other factors could contribute to the decline. Which of the following findings would nix/rend null and void overharvesting as the cause of the decline? A) Similar declines among edible North C) Fungal population increases American species. in tropical regions where mush- rooms are not part of the diet. B) High fungal numbers in remote D) A parallel decline in non-edible Unpopulated areas. Species of mushrooms.

12 _ C. __ 9) A dog-loving student creates the hypothesis that if thick leg muscles in dogs depends only on inheritance, then the environment that they are kept in should have little effect on their muscles. He collects data that shows dogs living outdoors have thicker leg muscles than indoor dogs. What does this imply about his hypothesis? A) Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles C) Inheritance alone may not may not survive indoors. account for thickness of muscles B) Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles D) Inheritance of thick leg muscles Only show it if they live outdoors. is associated with dog breeds that prefer living outdoors. _ D. __ 10) A student creates the hypothesis that if drone sales are related to the completion date of the U. S.-Mexico border wall, the closer the border wall gets to being completed, the more drones will be sold in border towns. What is the measurable result of this hypothesis? A) the cost of the wall (in dollars). C) the days to completion of the border wall B) the height of the wall (in meters). D) number of drones being sold. _ A. __ 11) Zits were studied to determine if the amount of humidity in the air affected the appearance of these face critters. Which of these was the independent variable? A) The percent of humidity in the air. C) the number of zits appearing. B) The size of the zits appearing D) the time of day _ B. __ 12) Which mouthwash brand is most effective against bacteria: Listerine  , Plax  , Colgate  , or Scope  ? Four different circles from a paper towel are soaked in different mouthwashes. The circles are placed in a Petri dish with a bacteria from the mouth (see image at right). The dish is incubated for 24 hrs and then the paper towel circles are put under a microscope to count bacteria left. What could be done to improve the experiment? A) Use different kinds of bacteria. B) Use the same size circle for each mouthwash. C) Use the same type of mouthwash on each circle. D) Use a smaller Petri dish.

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13 _ B. __ 13) You think that only animals and humans compete for limited food, resources, and space? Nope! A student wanted to look at inter-species and intra-species competition between plants, in other words, how plants compete against each other in the same species and between different species. He set up the following plants with the same amount of sunlight, soil, and water. What is the role of the plants planted by themselves (A and C)? A B C D E A) independent variables C) placebos B) control groups D) dependent variables _ D. __ 14) A student from the SMHS Ecology Club wanted to study the effect of temperature on algae levels in the San Marcos River. Which items are most useful for gathering data at the river? A) Ultraviolet glasses, sponges, syringes C) Microscopes, tweezers, and water filters B) pH strips, fecal matter test kits D) Test tubes, thermometers _ A. __ 15) Which sentence best describes the importance of control groups in an experiment? A) Control groups allow comparison C) Control groups reduce with runs that have not had the the need for large samples independent variable changed. B) Control groups reduce statistical D) Control groups eliminate the Variation in data collection. need for repeating experiments _ B. __ 16) A&M University scientists studied a flock of Great Blue Herons that spent the winter in Texas. The herons migrate in the spring to Canada. What would be the best way for scientists to distinguish between the birds studied in Texas and other Great Blue Herons that show up in the Canadian location? A) Follow the Texas flock by vehicle on C) Capture birds in the Canadian a daily basis all the way to Canada. location and dissect them to find clues of feeding in Texas. B) Capture and put bands on the Texas D) Take photographs of the Herons and then record the bands winter and spring flocks observed in Canada. in Texas for comparison.

14 _ C. __ 17) Jan is a little OCD and repeatedly checks the water level in her water bottle. How might this practice of repeatedly doing something be most useful to her when doing scientific experiments? B) She might get faster and faster at measuring because she does it over and over. B) Her measurements might be very accurate. C) Her measurements might be very precise. D) She might become an expert about anything having to do with water. Precision means the result can be replicated many times. Accuracy means the result matches some desired result. _ D. __ 18) Which of the following methods would provide the most accurate Information about local attitudes concerning sanctuary cities and illegal immigration? A) Listen to speeches given by politicians. C) Study newspaper articles. B) look through people’s trash cans . D) Take an opinion poll of local residents. _ A. __ 19) According to the data collected in this experiment, what is indicated? A) Euglena are photosynthetic organisms. C) Both are photosynthetic organisms. B) Paramecium are photosynthetic D) Neither are photosynthetic organisms. organisms. The graph is increasing as the Euglena is exposed more to light. _ B. __ 20) A biology class wants to verify the effects of heavier traffic flow on Highway I-35 on Blue Bonnet populations near the highway during spring time. The class could best conduct a study by sampling flowers found around the highway area when? A) In 5 and 10 years C) Before & after the first day of spring B) Now, 5, and 10 years from now. D) At the beginning and end of spring season. _ D. __ 21) Which of the following is not a property of a Law? A) universal (applies everywhere) C) simple (expressed as equation) B) true (never contradicted) D) complex (composed of many statements) Laws are simple statements

15 _ A. __ 22) Which of the following is a Theory? A) _____ of Atomic Structure C) Ohm’s ____: V = I · R B) Ideal Gas _____: P  V=n  R  T D) Boyle’s ____: P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 Laws are often written as formulas. Theories are complex. _ C. __ 23) Which of the following is a Law? A) _______of Evolution C) E = m  c 2 B) Plate Tectonics ________ D) Big Bang ______ Laws are often written as formulas. The other three are Theories. _ D. __ 24) Which would increase confidence in a scientist’s conclusions? A) Relates to and is consistent with C) Successfully predicts new finds results in several fields. D) all of the above B) Several researchers successfully duplicate her results. _ C. __ 25) Kelly collects the following measurements for the length of a wooden block, 65 m, 65 m, 65 m, and 65 m. If the actual length of the block is 70 m, which of the following is correct? A) Kelly’s measurements are accurate, but not precise. B) Kelly’s measurements are neither accurate nor precise. C) Kelly’s measurements are precise, but not accurate. D) Kelly’s measurements are both accurate and precise. Precise means the result is replicated many times. Accuracy means the result matches a desired result. MATH PROBLEMS. _ D. __ 26) Convert 35,928 feet per second to miles per hour. There are 5280 feet in 1 mile and 3600 seconds in an hour. A) 9.98 mi/hr B) 6.80 mi/hr C) 52,694.4 mi/hr D) 24,496.4 mi/hr = 24,496.4 miles/hour _ A. __ 27) Calculate the following, expressing the answer in scientific notation: (9.26  10 -12 )  (8.10  10 -6 ) A) 7.50  10 -17 B) 8.91 x 10 -18 C) 5.4  10 -6 D) 1.14  10 -6 Put in your calculator. Set the mode to Scientific Notation _ A. __ 28) Convert 0.249 mL (milliliters) to L (Liters) using scientific notation. A) 2.49  10 -4 B) 0.249  10 -3 C) 0.249  10 -4 D) 2.49  10 2 = 0.000249 litrs = 2.49  10  4 liters _ B. __ 29) Calculate the following, expressing the answer in scientific notation: 8.86 / (1.0  10 -3 + 3.610  10 -3 ) A) 1922  10 3 B) 1.922  10 2 C) 1.922  10  3 D) 1.922  10 3 Put in your calculator. Set the mode to Scientific Notation _ A. __ 30) Convert 786 MV (Megavolts) to V (volts). A)7.86  10 8 V B) 7.86  10 6 V C) 7.86  10 2 V D) 7.86  10 -4 V = 786,000,000 volts = 7.86  10 8 volts

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16 Use the graph below for questions 31 – 33. NOTE: The graph is a velocity vs. time graph. _ A. __ 31) Where is the object speeding Up positively? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E _ B. __ 32) Where is the object maintaining the same speed/velocity? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E _ E. __ 33) If the object started at the origin (dist. = 0 meters, at t = 0 min, in what segment will it be closest to the origin again? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E The positive velocities A, B, and C all get the object further away from the origin. D and E are negative velocities meaning the object is moving backwards towards where it started. Since the object moved positively for 30 minutes, it would be closest to the origin after 60 minutes. In other words, Segment E. Use the Nutrition Facts label at right for questions 34 – 36. _ C. __ 34) How many Calories of energy will you gain if you eat one cup of soup? A) 125 C C) 500 C B) 250 C D) 750 C 250 Calories per half cup =  1 cup =  1 cup = 500 Calories _ C. __ 35) How many Calories of energy will you gain if you eat the whole container of soup? A) 250 C C) 1000 C B) 500 C D) 2000 C  =  = 1000 Calories/container _ B. __ 36) How many grams of soup would you have to eat to get 100% of the daily value of Fat based on a 2,000 Calorie diet? A) 298 gm C) 724 gm B) 523 gm D) 878 gm 115 gms of soup gives you 14 gms of Fat which is 22% of the recommended Daily Value of Fat based on a 2,000 Calorie diet. To get 100% of the recommended Daily Value you ’ d have to eat 100  22 = 4.55 times as much soup = 115  4.55 = 522.7 gms. A B C D E

17 Surface area of a sphere density of a substance Temperature of object above room temperature Height of object dropped volume of a substance radius of a sphere final velocity of object time elapsed after removing heat source from object DIRECTIONS: In the table below: 37) Match each item listed in the left column above with its likely pair in the right column. The two items are related to each other proportionally. 38) Determine which of the variables is the likely independent variable and which one is the dependent variable. 39) Determine if each relationship is directly proportional, inversely proportional or neither. Dependent or Independent? Directly or inversely proportional? Variable 1 Dependent or Independent? Variable 2 D D Surface area of a sphere I Radius of a sphere D I Density of a substance I Volume of a substance D I Temperature of object above room temperature I Time elapsed after removing heat source from object I D Height of object dropped D Final velocity of object 40) Match the relationships above with the tables below which have values that make sense. There is one for each. Fill in the table headers with the appropriate variable names. The left columns are the independent variables and the right columns the dependent variables. Time elapsed after removing heat source from object Temperature of object above room temperature Height of object dropped Final velocity of object 0 min 100  0 m 0 m/s 1 94 5  10 2 89 10  14.1 3 85 15  17.3 Radius of a sphere Surface Area of Sphere Volume of sphere Density of sphere 1 un 4  un 2 10 cm 3 2 gm/cm 3 2 16  20 1 3 36  30 ⅔ 4 64  40 ½ a. b. c. d.

18 41) Find the proportionality constant for each relationship. Be sure to include the units. a. _________________________________ c. ___________________________________ b. _________________________________ d. ___________________________________ 42) Come up with an equation from the proportionality statement for each of the relationships. REMEMBER: direct relationships will be of the form y = kx n where n > 0 and inverse relationships will be y = kx n where n < 0. EX: Possible answers could look like y = kx, y = kx 2 , y = k  x, y = k/x. a. _________________________________ c. ___________________________________ b. _________________________________ d. ___________________________________ 43) Make a concept map/flow diagram in the space below for the scientific method. Your first item should be “ Ask A Question ” . The rest of the steps are found below but they are out of order. Put them in your concept map/flow diagram in the right order. Communicate results Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions Results partial or not at all align with hypothesis Construct a Hypothesis Make corrections to your thinking and try again. Do background research Test with an Experiment Results align with hypothesis Ask a question Ask a question Communicate results Do background research Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions Test with an experiment Construct a hypothesis Results align with hypothesis Results partial or not at all align with hypothesis Make corrections to your thinking and try again.

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