Lab 10-QUESTIONS ONLY

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Cornell University *

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3501

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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1. Mammalian skeletons: There are a variety of skeletons available for you to examine. Humans can be found below, and the other skeletons you will need to fill out the chart can be found in the original lab document. The structures of the skeletons reflect their functions and the lifestyle of the animal. Human limbs Human teeth Using the terminology for the human, fill in the chart with your observations about how the bones or teeth of each mammalian representative in the lab manual are different from yourself. I have highlighted each animal in green, along with what lifestyle they have that
matches the table below. Think about how these are adapted to the feature listed . For full credit, you must describe the difference in the limb or tooth structure for each function, and how this difference is an adaptation for their lifestyle. ( 8 points ) Function Structure Difference and adaptation Digging Forelimb Much bigger and wider hands for efficient digging. Jumping Hindlimb Femur and tibia are much longer than the radius and ula, allowing for more power for jumping in the hind limb Running Hindlimb Legs are much longer and are bent outwards, femur and tibia equally long Climbing Fore and Hindlimbs Fore and hind limbs are equal to each other in length, both with long fingers for gripping and climbing Flying Forelimb Long thin phalanges in wings. Chewing Grass (Herbivory) Herbivore Teeth Multiple sharp points over a large surface area Tearing Flesh (Carnivory) Carnivore Teeth Long sharp and pointed Eating Anything (Omnivory) Omnivore Teeth Long pointed canine teeth with wider flatter teeth filling in the rest of the mouth
Mammal Orders: The Three Ways Mammals Give Birth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sz3Yv3On4lE Compare and contrast the three types of mammalian births. In each answer, you must identify the type of birth with your answer. 2. How do all three obtain milk? ( 1.5 points) All three suckle on the mother to obtain milk. 3 . Describe the different types of maternal care between the three. ( 1.5 points ) In marsupials, the young is born and crawls into the mother’s pouch, where it suckles there for six months. Mothers can produce two different types of milk for an older and younger offspring. Monotremes lay soft shell eggs, and suckle on pores from the mothers body when hatched. Newborn placental offspring are directly connected to the mothers blood supply before birth, and drinks milk from their mother for 6 months after birth 4. Compare and contrast the relative size of young at birth. ( 2 points ) Marsupials are very tiny at birth. Monotremes are slightly larger than marsupials, but are still very small. Placental mammals are relatively large at birth compared to the other two 5. Why do you think monotremes and marsupials are so isolated compared to eutherians, and why did the eutherians become the dominant order? ( 2 points ) They are isolated because the ways that they give birth and take care of their young is not feasible in many different environments. Placental mammals ability to grow the offspring inside the body for the majority of the time is more suited for a wide range of environments such as colder environments, while laying eggs or keeping the young in a pouch would not allow fro a high survival rate for the young in a wide variety of environments.
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