Chapter 6 Homework

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter 6 Homework  Due No due date  Points 0  Questions 18  Time Limit None Instructions Chapter 6 Homework Use chapter 6 of text for assistance in completing the following Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 less than 1 minute 0 out of 0 * * Some questions not yet graded Score for this quiz: 0 out of 0 * Submitted Feb 2 at 10:47am This attempt took less than 1 minute. Unanswered Question 1 Not yet graded / 0 pts Contact of a substance with skin results in what four possible actions? Your Answer: Correct 1) The skin acts as an effective barrier 2) The substance reacts with the skin and caused local irritation or tissue destruction 3) The substance produces skin sensitization

4) The substance penetrates the skin to reach the blood vessels under the skin and inter the blood stream Unanswered Question 2 Not yet graded / 0 pts Why is the collection of biological samples more difficult than the collection of other types of samples? Your Answer: Correct Because the collection of blood, urine or breath samples requires the use of medical personnel. Unanswered Question 3 Not yet graded / 0 pts Why is absorption after ingestion often less than with inhalation? Your Answer: Correct 1) Because the action of stomach acid and intestinal enzymes will break down substances 2) Dilution by intestinal contents reduces concentration 3) The greater thickness of intestinal wall as compared to the alveoli wall reduces transfer of the substance to the blood stream. Unanswered Question 4 Not yet graded / 0 pts Which toxic effect or effects present the greatest concern in the work place? Justify your answer. Your Answer: Answer may vary. Ex: Mutagenesis that effect the reproductive system and Teratogens are of the most concern due to the societal response that typically occurs with child particularly infants are harm by a workplace event. Failure to protect workers from these types of effects can often have repercussions far beyond the effected worker themselves. Unanswered Question 5 Not yet graded / 0 pts When performing biological testing what three types of analytes may be looked for? Your Answer: Correct 1) The unchanged substance 2) A metabolite of the substance

3) A variation in the level of a naturally occurring enzyme or other biochemical substance normally present in body fluids or tissues. Unanswered Question 6 Not yet graded / 0 pts What is the responsibility of the industrial toxicologist? Your Answer: Correct To define how much is too much and to prescribe precautionary measures and limitation so that usual or recommended use or exposures does not result in the absorption of a harmful quantify of a particular substance. Unanswered Question 7 Not yet graded / 0 pts What does the total amount of a toxic compound absorbed via the respiratory tract depend on? Your Answer: Correct The concentration of the substance The duration of exposure and the pulmonary ventilation volumes, which increase with higher work loads Unanswered Question 8 Not yet graded / 0 pts What does a toxicologist consider to be toxicity? Your Answer: Correct Toxicity is the ability of a substance to produce an unwanted effect when the substance has reached a sufficient concentration at a certain site in the body. Unanswered Question 9 Not yet graded / 0 pts What does a toxicologist consider to be a hazard? Your Answer: Correct Hazard is regarded as the probability that this concentration will occur at a site. Unanswered Question 10 Not yet graded / 0 pts What are 5 of the more common recognized problems or limitation of Occupational Exposure Limits? Your Answer:

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Correct 1) Difficulty in acquiring a truly representative breathing zone sample. 2) Uncertainties about the extent of absorption of the amount inhaled 3) Nonroutine or nonrepetitive work; Air samples only characterize work operations on the day the sample is taken 4) Variations in particle size, absorption and particle solubility 5) Accidental or deliberate contamination of samples. Unanswered Question 11 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain when mixtures of hazards substances are of concern as it relates to the assessment of worker exposure. Your Answer: Correct When two or more hazardous substance that act on the same organ system are present, their combined effect, not the individual effect of either components, should be given primary consideration. In the absence of information to the contrary, the effects of the different hazard should be considered additive. Unanswered Question 12 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain the difference in the three types of epidemiological studies. Your Answer: Correct Descriptive studies identify a change or difference in prevalence of disease in a subgroup of the population. Retrospective studies reveal a relationship between a substance and a certain effect caused by exposure that occurred months or years before the initiation of data collection \Prospective studies can define more precisely the temporal relationship and magnitude of risk. Prospective studies measure present and future health effect as opposed to effect after they have occurred. Unanswered Question 13 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain the difference between hypersensitivity and hypersusceptibility. Your Answer: Correct Hyper sensitivity is an immune mediated response often called allergy. Hypersusceptibility is response to concentration below that normally expected to cause effect. In both instances the individuals are at greater risk of harm than the normal population but

there is no immunological memory effect resulting in increase response with subsequent exposures as with hypersensitivity. Unanswered Question 14 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain the difference between a primary irritant and a secondary irritant. Your Answer: Correct A primary irritant is a material that exerts little systemic toxicity but causes irritation at the site of absorption. A secondary irritant is an irritant whose primary mode of actions is a systemic effect from absorption rather than irritation. Unanswered Question 15 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain the difference between a systemic effect and a local effect. Your Answer: Correct Chemical injury can be local or systemic. Local injury results form direct contact of the substance with tissue. Systemic toxicity usually involves the passage of the agent through the blood vessels with resulting contact and injury to various internal organs. Local effects occur at the site of absorption. Systemic effects occur at a site remote from the site of absorption. Unanswered Question 16 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain the difference between a Simple asphyxiant and a Chemical asphyxiant. Your Answer: Correct A simple asphyxiant has not significant toxic effect but simple displaces oxygen so that it is not available to be absorbed. A chemical asphyxiant prevent the utilization of oxygen by interfering with the uptake, distribution or utilization of oxygen. Unanswered Question 17 Not yet graded / 0 pts Explain the difference between Acute effects and Chronic effects. Your Answer: Correct Acute effects are those that occur a short time after the exposure occurs. Chronic effects are those that have long lasting effects or occur significantly after the exposure occurred. Unanswered Question 18 Not yet graded / 0 pts

Explain the concept of Threshold of Effect. Your Answer: Correct Most toxic compounds are present in small enough amounts that they produce no measurable effect. It may damage one cell or several cell but mo measurable or clinically significant health effect results from the exposure. As the dose increase there is a point a which the first measurable effect is noted or at which the incidence of a health effect in the exposed population exceeds it incidence in unexposed populations. It is this point which is called the threshold of effect. As doses increase beyond this level there will be increasing effects within the population with increasing dose Quiz Score: 0 out of 0 Submission Details: * Some questions not yet graded Time: less than 1 minute Current Score: 0 out of 0 * Kept Score: 0 out of 0

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