bio final questions

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Nipissing University *

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1101

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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 Dead and injured white blood cells are removed from circulation by the Correct Answer: spleen  Question 2 When a blood vessel gets damaged, contractions of smooth muscle referred to as ________ help constrict the vessel to reduce blood flow. = ascular spasms Correct Answer: vascular spasms  Question 3 The inflammatory response is initiated by the release of ________ from basophils. Selected Answer: histamine Correct Answer: histamine  Question 4 When oxygen availability drops, certain cells in the kidney respond by producing erythropoietin, which in turn stimulates an increase in red blood cells. This cellular response represents Selected Answer: negative feedback Correct Answer: negative feedback  Question 5 The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle Selected Answer: must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body Correct Answer: must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body  Question 6 After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the Selected

Correct Answer: right ventricle  Question 7 Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of Selected Answer: capillaries Correct Answer: capillaries  Question 8 An increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with Selected Answer: high blood levels of LDLs Correct Answer: high blood levels of LDLs  Question 9 Fluid that "escapes" from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as Selected Answer: interstitial fluid Correct Answer: interstitial fluid  Question 10 A high hematocrit might indicate Selected Answer: polycythemia Correct Answer: polycythemia  Question 11 Albumin proteins in human blood function Selected Answer: to maintain blood volume Correct Answer: to maintain blood volume  Question 12 Which one of the following is TRUE regarding deoxyhemoglobin? Selected

Correct Answer: Deoxyhemoglobin found in blood returning to the heart from the lower extremities.  Question 13 Each of the following mechanisms plays a role in the return of blood to the heart via veins EXCEPT which one? Selected Answer: osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood Correct Answer: osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood  Question 14 The atrioventricular valves are closed when the Selected Answer: ventricles contract Correct Answer: ventricles contract  Question 15 About 55% of whole blood is ________, which is/are mostly made up of water. Selected Answer: plasma Correct Answer: plasma  Question 16 All of the following are ways in which blood functions to maintain homeostasis in the human body EXCEPT which one? Selected Answer: conducting action potentials that originate in the nervous system to help with cell - cell communication Correct Answer: conducting action potentials that originate in the nervous system to help with cell - cell communication  Question 17 The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the Selected Answer: pericardium

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Correct Answer: pericardium  Question 18 In the ________ circuit, blood leaving the ________ ultimately delivers oxygen and nutrients to all of the body's tissues and organs. Selected Answer: pulmonary, lung capillaries Correct Answer: systemic, left ventricle  Question 19 Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one? Selected Answer: Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow. Correct Answer: Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow.  Question 20 Blood pumped from the right ventricle is ________ and enters the ________. Selected Answer: deoxygenated, pulmonary trunk Correct Answer: deoxygenated, pulmonary trunk  During cytotoxic T cell attack of a target cell, which one of the following is released to pierce the cell membrane of the foreign cell, which ultimately kills the target cell? Selected Answer: perforin Correct Answer: perforin  Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following leukocytes kills its target cells, such as cancer cells or virus - infected cells, by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane? Selected Answer: natural killer cells

Correct Answer: natural killer cells  Question 3 1 out of 1 points Once a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, what happens to the foreign cell? Selected Answer: The bacterium is killed by digestive enzymes released from lysosomes. Correct Answer: The bacterium is killed by digestive enzymes released from lysosomes.  Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus? Selected Answer: rabies Correct Answer: rabies  Question 5 1 out of 1 points Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as Selected Answer: nonspecific mechanisms Correct Answer: nonspecific mechanisms  Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which one of the following is characteristic of T lymphocytes but NOT B lymphocytes? Selected Answer: direct attack of antigen - bearing cells Correct Answer: direct attack of antigen - bearing cells  Question 7 1 out of 1 points Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes? Selected Answer: They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells.

Correct Answer: They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells.  Question 8 1 out of 1 points Antibodies are classified by size, location, and function, and which one of the following represents the most common type of immunoglobulin? Selected Answer: IgG Correct Answer: IgG  Question 9 1 out of 1 points All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT Selected Answer: antibodies Correct Answer: antibodies  Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the spleen? Selected Answer: Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood. Correct Answer: Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood.  With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________. Selected Answer: decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin - oxygen bond Correct Answer: decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin - oxygen bond  Question 2 1 out of 1 points Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. Selected Answer: interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

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Correct Answer: interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid  Question 3 1 out of 1 points Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC? Selected Answer: chloride shifting Correct Answer: chloride shifting  Question 4 1 out of 1 points The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________. Selected Answer: Boyle's law Correct Answer: Boyle's law  Question 5 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements is incorrect? Selected Answer: Respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants. Correct Answer: Respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants.  Question 6 1 out of 1 points Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. Selected Answer: medulla and pons Correct Answer: medulla and pons  Question 7 1 out of 1 points Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________. Selected Answer: greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Correct Answer: greater than the pressure in the atmosphere  Question 8 1 out of 1 points The main site of gas exchange is the ________. Selected Answer: alveoli Correct Answer: alveoli  Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O 2 and dispose of CO 2 ? Selected Answer: blood pH adjustment Correct Answer: blood pH adjustment  Question 10 1 out of 1 points The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________. Selected Answer: vital capacity Correct Answer: vital capacity  A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels Selected Answer: because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH Correct Answer: because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH  Question 2 1 out of 1 points Hormones act upon specific target tissues because Selected Answer: target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone

Correct Answer: target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone  Question 3 1 out of 1 points An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following? Selected Answer: epinephrine from the adrenal medulla Correct Answer: epinephrine from the adrenal medulla  Question 4 1 out of 1 points The thymus produces two peptides that function to Selected Answer: aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes Correct Answer: aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes  Question 5 1 out of 1 points Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by Selected Answer: promoting fat utilization Correct Answer: promoting fat utilization  Question 6 1 out of 1 points The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which one of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone - receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein Selected Answer: 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 Correct Answer: 4, 3, 2, 5, 1  Question 7

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1 out of 1 points The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing Selected Answer: estrogen and progesterone Correct Answer: estrogen and progesterone  Question 8 1 out of 1 points Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by Selected Answer: insulin Correct Answer: insulin  Question 9 1 out of 1 points The endocrine system has certain characteristics that set it apart from the nervous system. Which one of the following characteristics is typical of the endocrine system, but NOT the nervous system? Selected Answer: The agents of communication are always in the form of a chemical. Correct Answer: The agents of communication are always in the form of a chemical.  Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced? Selected Answer: iodine Correct Answer: iodine Tuesday, July 13, 2021 8:03:29 PM EDT  As urine moves through a nephron, it is modified by ions, water, and other materials either being secreted into the fluid or by efflux of substances out of the urine. However, such modifications do not occur in which one of the following regions of the nephron? Selected Answer: Bowman's capsule

Correct Answer: Bowman's capsule  Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following groupings of organs is responsible for the maintenance of water balance in the body? Selected Answer: posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, kidneys Correct Answer: posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, kidneys  Question 3 1 out of 1 points The primary sources of the nitrogenous wastes that are eliminated by the kidneys are Selected Answer: proteins Correct Answer: proteins  Question 4 1 out of 1 points Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption occur? Selected Answer: proximal tubule Correct Answer: proximal tubule  Question 5 1 out of 1 points Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on which one of the following? Selected Answer: active transport Correct Answer: active transport  Question 6 1 out of 1 points Urination depends on Selected Answer: the neural micturition reflex

Correct Answer: the neural micturition reflex  Question 7 1 out of 1 points The capillaries that serve as the major blood supply to the kidneys are called the Selected Answer: glomerulus Correct Answer: glomerulus  Question 8 1 out of 1 points Urine formation initiates with glomerular filtration , a process that relies on filtering large quantities of protein - free plasma into the Bowman's capsule by Selected Answer: passive diffusion through porous capillaries Correct Answer: passive diffusion through porous capillaries  Question 9 1 out of 1 points Aldosterone is secreted in response to changes in Selected Answer: blood pressure Correct Answer: blood pressure  Question 10 1 out of 1 points Minerals that crystallize in the renal pelvis are referred to as Selected Answer: kidney stones Correct Answer: kidney stones

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