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. Answer the following questions: List two cell structures that are common to both plant and animal cells. (2 points) -Cytoplasm and Nucleus List two structures that are unique to plant cells? (2 points) -Plastid and Ribosomes ~~2. William is observing a single-celled organism under a microscope and notices that it has a nucleus and is covered in small, hair-like structures. What is the name of the hair-like structures? Describe their function. (2 point) - Cilia, they move objects through a cell Provide a probable name for this organism. (1 point) Explain why the described organism cannot be a bacteria. (1 point) - Cilia and bacteria Are 2 different types of organisms. Eukaryotic cells have cilia, while bacteria are prokaryotic organisms. ~~3. What were the percent differences between the volumes of the potatoes in the osmosis experiment for each salt solution? Be sure to specify whether the volume increased or decreased in each case. (4 points) 0%- no change in volume 1.75%- 54.7 % 3.5%- 58.3% 7%- 10% ~~4. What extraneous variables might have affected how the results came out in the osmosis experiment? Describe three. (3 points) - Innacurate cutting of the potatoes could affect the results. The amount of time the potatoes are left in the water can affect the ending volume, Such as leaving the potatoes less than 8 hours as directed. Mislabeling the cups used to store The potatoes will lead to innacurate results ~~5. For each of the following osmotic environments, if a cell was immersed in the environment, in which net direction would water molecules flow? Isotonic (1 point) the water would not move. Hypertonic (1 poin) water molucules would flow INTO a hypertonic solution Hypotonic (1 point)water molecules flow OUTSIDE of the hypotonic solution ~~6. Answer the following questions: Explain what would happen to a human blood cell if it were suddenly placed in a distilled (pure) water environment. Use the terms isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic in the answer. (3 points) - Placing the isotonic blood cells into the hypotonic distilled water would cause the blood cells to burst as they will overflow with the water entering in a rapid motion. Explain what would happen to the cells of a freshwater snail if it were suddenly placed in a saltwater environment. Use the terms isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic in the answer. (3 points) - Ifasnailis placed in saltwater, hypertonic situation will occur. In this instance, the snail will leave the snails cells until it is depleted and dehydrated. ~~7. When animal cells are immersed in a hypotonic solution, they can swell so much that they will burst. But plant cells typically thrive in hypotonic conditions. Apply your knowledge of cell structure differences between plant cells and animal cells to explain this disparity. (2 points) - Plant cells Have a rigid cell wall that can provide structural support. Their central vacuole stores water snd helps store water in the cell. Animal cells dont have a cell wall or central vacuole. ~~8. Regarding surface area-to-volume ratios and diffusion efficiency activity from Procedures 3b. Answer the following questions: What is the surface-to-volume ratio for Cube 1? Show your work. (1 point) -surface Area: 1cmx1cmx6= 6cmA2 i -Volume: 1cmx1cmx1cm= 1cmA2 - SA/V: 6cm”2/cm”3 What is the surface-to-volume ratio for Cube 2? Show your work. (1 point) -surface area: 1.5cmx1.5cmx6=20.25cm*2 -Volume: 1.5cmx1.5cmx1.5cm=3.375cm"2 SA/V:20.25cm”2/ 3.375cmA2= 6cm*2/cm”3 What is the surface-to-volume ratio for Cube 3? Show your work. (1 point) -surface area: 2cmx2cmx6cm= 24cm”2 -Volume: 2cmx2cmx2cm= 8cm*2 -SANV: 24cm”2/ 8cm”2= 3 cm2/cm*3 Review your own data for Procedures 3b: Into which Cube did the dye actually diffuse the most efficiently? Briefly explain the answer based upon your understanding of surface area-to-volume ratios. (2 points) -the potato diffused more efficiently because had a bigger surface area for the potato to absorb the liquid in the outside. ~~9. One night, Hans decides to cook a hamburger and spaghetti with meatballs. To test ideas of surface-to-volume ratios, he makes a quarter pound hamburger and a quarter pound meatball and cooks them at the same temperature. Which food item will cook the fastest? Explain why based on what you have learned about surface area-to-volume ratios. (2 points) -The patty will cook fastest because their is more surface area making contact with the hot pan, due to its flat shape. ' ~~10. While watching a special on animals, Brianna discovers that hares tend to lose heat through their ears. Based on this and what is known about surface-to-volume ratios, propose an explanation as to why hares that live in hot climates (such as the desert) have long and flattened ears. (2 points) -Hares that live in the desert longer and more Flattened ears. The bigger surface area of their ears will help them cool down more efficiently due to the fact that they release body temperature through their ears. The hurt surface to volume ratio of their ears will aid in this ~~11. How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to osmosis and cell membranes be useful to you as a healthcare professional? - Having knowledge of cells and osmosis can be beneficial in a job as a Medical Sonographer. Communication with other departments is essential in the Healthcare industry and knowledge Of this material will aid in understanding and diagnostic procedures during treatment for patients
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