Lab2_Worksheet_BIO120Fall2021-topost

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1 Lab 2: Phenotypic Variation Worksheet What you will need to complete Lab 2:  This worksheet, Chapter 2 and Appendix A of the BIO120 Fall 2021 Lab Manual (PDFs on Quercus)  A way to record your data results (either in this worksheet or on printed paper)  ImageJ : A free software program, download link posted on Quercus  Lab 2 photo package : download the folder on Quercus that corresponds to your Species Number under grades. For example, if your Species Number under Grades is #23, download “Photo Package #23”. Note: There are two graded assessments due by the start time of Lab 2:  Sources Assignment  Lab 2 Quiz (Note: Complete the Lab 2 Pre-lab Project before completing Lab 2 Quiz) Part A: Phenotypic Variation in Anolis antonii See the BIO120 Lab Manual: Chapter 2 for detailed instructions on data collection. In Step Two , your class will choose two quantitative traits to measure on the Anolis antonii images . List your class’ chosen traits below, and any specific protocols you decide on how to take the measurements. Trait 1: Tail Which photo will you use to measure Trait 1? (Dorsal, Lateral, or Dewlap) Dorsal How to measure Trait 1: Trait 2: Fingernail Which photo will you use to measure Trait 2? (Dorsal, Lateral, or Dewlap) Lateral How to measure Trait 2: Data Tables for Part A: © BIO120 Fall 2021

2 Table 2-1 . The trait values for your individual lizard. Chosen Trait Measurement in cm Was your lizard male or female? Trait 1 Tail 8.463 Female Trait 2 Fingernail 0.152 Female Table 2-2 . Class data for the phenotypic traits. Mean Standard Error Standard Deviation Trait 1 (male) Trait 1 (female) Trait 2 (male) Trait 2 (female) Part B: Phenotypic Plasticity in Impatiens walleriana How can we design an experiment to measure the effect of sunlight on the leaf thickness of I. walleriana ? 1. What is your independent variable? Amount of sunlight 2. What is your dependent variable? Leaf thickness 3. What is your hypothesis? More exposure to sunlight will increase the leaf thickness of I. walleriana 4. What is your null hypothesis? Sunlight does not have a role in the leaf thickness of I. walleriana 5. What are your predictions? The effects of sunlight will be positively correlated to the leaf thickness Data Tables for Part B: © BIO120 Fall 2021

3 Table 2-3 . Your leaf thickness measurements (in mm) Your data (mean of three measurements taken from one leaf, in mm ) Treatment: sun 1 2 3 Mean ( in mm ) 0.7923 0.816 0.788 0.773 Table 2-4 . The class’ leaf thickness measurements (in mm) Treatment Number ( N ) Mean (mm) Standard Error ( SE ) Sun Shade 0.700 Which statistical test did your class choose to assess these results? What were the results of the statistical test? Did your class reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? The data found shows that the null hypothesis can be rejected since the mean leaf thickness of the sun-exposed leaves are thicker than the shaded leaves. © BIO120 Fall 2021

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4 Discussion Questions 1. Based on your results, did the sun and shade plants differ in their leaf thickness? What did the descriptive statistics show? What did the results of your class’ statistical test show? 2. Based on your results, is leaf thickness in Impatiens walleriana a phenotypically plastic trait? Explain why or why not. It is a phenotypically plastic trait since leaf thickness occurs from one genotype, but environmental factors, such as sunlight exposure, can affect the phenotype, which is the thickness. 3. How might leaf thickness be adaptive? Can we conclude this trait is adaptive based on our results in today’s lab? 4. Compare your results from the Impatiens plants to your results from the Anolis lizards. Did you observe variation in traits for both organisms? What is the difference between the phenotypic variation in the Anolis traits and the phenotypic variation in the Impatiens leaf thickness? 5. Why is phenotypic variation important for evolution by natural selection? Imagine a population with no phenotypic variation. Could evolution occur? Why or why not? 6. Why would plasticity evolve in a phenotypic trait? © BIO120 Fall 2021

5 Proposal Hypothesis Checklist  Did you choose a phenotypic trait of your species?  Is there variation in the trait?  Does the hypothesis state how the trait may be adaptive?  Is the hypothesis NOT written as a prediction? Record the date and time of your Proposal Meeting with your TA Date: Time: © BIO120 Fall 2021

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