Lab5Worksheet_BIO120Fall2021-topost

Lab 5: Evolutionary Relationships Worksheet What you will need to complete Lab 5:  This worksheet and Chapter 5 of the BIO120 Lab Manual (PDF on Quercus)  A way to record data and draw trees (either this worksheet or on paper) There is one graded assessment due by the start time of Lab 5:  Lab 5 Quiz The following assessments are due AFTER Lab 5:  Lab 5 Assignment (due exactly 24 hours after Lab 5 to Quercus)  Course and TA Evaluation Survey (due one week after Lab 5 on Quercus)  Response (due one week after Lab 5 on Quercus – see page 6-5 for due date and time)  Revised Proposal (optional; due one week after Lab 5 to Quercus AND Turnitin.com – see page 6-5 for due date and time) Complete the following activities BEFORE Lab 5 Exercise 1 Table 5-1 . Original character states for six taxa Taxa Characters Eyes (1) Posterior appendage (2) Claws (3) Lateral extensions (wings) (4) Posterior stalk (5) X Absent Simple Absent Absent Short E Present Complex Present Absent long G Present Simple Absent Present Short M Present Simple Absent Present short P Present Complex Present Absent Short Z Present Complex Present Absent long BIO120 Fall 2021 Page 1

Table 5-2 . Coded character states for six taxa Taxa Characters Eyes (1) Posterior appendage (2) Claws (3) Lateral extensions (wings) (4) Posterior stalk (5) X 0 0 0 0 0 E 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 M 1 0 0 1 0 P 1 1 1 0 0 Z 1 1 1 0 1 Draw all 5 character trees below: BIO120 Fall 2021 Page 2

______________________________________________________________________________ You will complete Exercises 2 and 3 DURING Lab 5 Exercise 2: Building Phylogenetic Trees Table 5-3 . Original character states for all six taxa Taxa Characters Abdominal markings (1) Neck length (2) Nasal horn (3) Elbow (4) Head crest (5) Posterior appendage (6) I Absent Long Absent Absent Absent single Q Present Long Absent Present Absent paired B Present Long Absent Present Present paired C Present Short Present Absent Absent paired D Present Short Present Absent Absent paired L present long absent present present paired Table 5-4 . Coded character states for all six taxa Taxa Characters Abdominal markings (1) Neck length (2) Nasal horn (3) Elbow (4) Head crest (5) Posterior appendage (6) I 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 1 0 0 1 0 1 B 1 0 0 1 1 1 C 1 1 1 0 0 1 D 1 1 1 0 0 1 L 1 0 0 1 1 1 BIO120 Fall 2021 Page 4

Build your final phylogenetic tree on this page BIO120 Fall 2021 3: 0 -> 1 2: 0 -> 1 6: 0 -> 1 1: 0 -> 1 4: 0 -> 1 5: 0 -> 1 Q C D L B I Page 5

Case Study: The Origins of HIV-1 What is HIV? A virus that causes AIDS Which HIV-1 lineage is responsible for the majority of global infections? Group M What is the Hunter Hypothesis? Humans came in contact with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) when hunting/butchering primates and became infected with a mutated strain of SIV called HIV (this is known as a zoonotic transmission) What are the 5 requirements for zoonotic transmission to be supported? -similarities in genome organization of the two viruses -two viruses closely related (phylogenetic relatedness) -two species co-occur in the same geographic location -there are plausible routes of transmission -virus is prevalent in the wild host How does our knowledge of HIV-1 meet these requirements? What results from the Keele et al. 2006 study added to the evidence of zoonotic transmission? identified the stool they collected as belonging to gorillas, P. t. troglodytes, and P. t. vellerosus -only antibodies of stool from P.t. troglodytes reacted with HIV-1 antigens -they isolated 16 strains of SIV from P.t. troglodytes stool (SIVcpzPtt) -HIV from wild What was the conclusion about the zoonotic transmission(s) of HIV-1 to humans? BIO120 Fall 2021 3: 0 -> 1 2: 0 -> 1 6: 0 -> 1 1: 0 -> 1 4: 0 -> 1 5: 0 -> 1 Q C D L B I Page 7

You can use this page to take notes during the case study BIO120 Fall 2021 Page 8