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1. True or False: Peptide bond formation from free amino acids is spontaneous. 2. True or False: Because peptide bond hydrolysis is spontaneous, peptide bonds in a cup of water break very quickly. 3. True or False: Peptide bonds are formed by hydrolysis. 4. True or False: If something is getting reduced, something else must be getting oxidized. 5. 6. How many peptide bonds are there in the following image? 4 7. True or False: parallel beta sheets are more favorable in most proteins than antiparallel. 8. Which one of the amino acids will most likely NOT be found in alpha helices? a. Met b. Ile c. Gly d. Ala

9. A compound with a pI of 8.5 starts off at the pH=5 region of an IEF gel. It will migrate toward the ___-pH end of the gel, toward the ___ a. Lower, anode b. Lower, cathode c. Higher, anode d. Higher, cathode 10. From question 8, what will the net charge of this compound be at the start of isoelectric focusing. e. Positive f. Negative g. Neutral h. Can’t tell 11. Protein A can be purified using anion-exchange chromatography, where it is attracted to the ___ charged beads. a. Positively b. Negatively 12. Which one of the following is a role of SDS in ‘SDS-PAGE’? a. It breaks disulfide bonds b. It coats proteins with a positive charge to allow them to run toward the anode c. It denatures proteins d. B and C 13. Beta mercaptoethanol is a ________ agent. This means the beta mercaptoethanol molecules are being ________ and they ________ H’s. a. Reducing, oxidized, gain b. Reducing, oxidized, lose x c. Reducing, reduced, gain x d. Oxidizing, reduced, gain x e. Oxidizing, reduced, lose 14. A molecule in a 2D gel migrates toward the bottom right corner. This molecule is probably a. Small and acidic b. Large and acidic c. Small and basic d. Large and basic

15. The acetylcholine receptor (AchR) is a protein that is known to tightly bind to a snake venom protein called cobratoxin. There is a good chance that AchR can be purified by _______ chromatography, as long as chromatography beads that have _________ covalently bound are used. a. affinity; cobratoxin b. affinity; the receptor (AchR) c. gel-filtration; cobratoxin d. gel-filtration; the receptor (AchR) 16. You have two proteins. Protein 1 is negatively charged at pH 7 and is 57kDa. Protein 2 is negatively charged at pH 7 and is 22kDa. What is the most effective way to separate these proteins? a. Affinity chromatography b. Ion exchange chromatography c. Gel filtration d. Both b and c e. All of the above 17. Compared to gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography usually has a _______ purification level and a ________ yield. a. Higher; higher b. Higher; lower c. Lower; higher d. Lower; lower 18. The total protein content before chromatography was 20,000, and the total activity was 200,000. After chromatography, the total protein was 5,000, and the total activity was 100,000. What is the purification level of this protein after chromatography? a. 0 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8 19. Which of the following is NOT true? a. Proline is the only amino acid that cannot be a hydrogen bond donor b. Histidine is most likely to act as both an acid and a base under physiological conditions c. Cysteine and methionine can be oxidized to form disulfide bridges because of the sulfur in their side chain d. Glycine is the only achiral amino acid e. Tryptophan is the largest amino acid

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20. Which of the following is not true regarding DNA? a. Two parallel strands twist together to form a helix, most of which are right handed b. Sugar-phosphate backbone are on the outside, the bases are on the inside c. DNA has a helical structure that repeats regularly d. Purines pair with pyrimidines Exam-style question: A

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