Exam 2 version A 2017

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University of Missouri, Kansas City *

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5517

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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A NCHOR 306/B IOL 385 B ENCH TO B EDSIDE E XAM 2 F ALL 2015 W EDNESDAY , O CTOBER 28, 2015, Put your name on BOTH the question and answer sheet. Pick the best single answer for each Question. Mark only one circle per question completely and neatly. Use the answer sheet provided and a #2 pencil Write the test version [shown below] on the answer sheet. If you mark this incorrectly, your test will not be graded according to the correct key. Fill in the last column of the name section with your test version Exam is worth 100 points – 2 points per question. You are RESPONSIBLE for the correct transfer of your answers to the computer answer sheet. Your grade will be returned to you in blackboard. Exams will be returned in my office, BSB403. Disregard any of our SPELLING mistakes. We are not testing on spelling. Test Version: A Last Name: _________________________ First Name __________________________ Total Points = 100 points, 2 points per question

2 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 1. Each of the following is a goal of vaccination programs EXCEPT: a) Prevent infection b) Prevent mutation of pathogen c) Prevent disease d) Prevent transmission 2. Diseases that might be eliminated from the world have the following characteristics EXCEPT: a) Vaccine is inexpensive b) Only infect humans c) Induce long lasting immunity after recovery d) Transmitted only when symptoms are present 3. An ideal vaccine for use anywhere in the world should have the following characteristics EXCEPT: a) Induces long lasting immunity b) Stable (limited need for refrigeration) c) Safe in adults and children d) Requires at least two boosters 4. The following diseases are still issues in the United States because of lack of vaccination EXCEPT: a) Mumps b) Measles c) Polio d) Diphtheria 5. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the Flu vaccine: a) Can give you the flu b) Can effect pregnancy c) Better if they are administered late in the flu season d) The Flu disease is one of the top 10 killers of people in the United States. 6. Cardinal Health in Kansas City is involved in each of the following aspects of translational research EXCEPT: a) Patent applications b) Medical device development c) Regulatory affairs d) Drug manufacturing 7. In Dr. Wharton’s analogy between the immune system and the armed forces, each of the following was a correlation EXCEPT: a) Macrophages are garbage truck b) Antibodies are the air force c) T helper cells are the medics d) Killer T cells are the infantry on the ground.

3 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 8. Each of the following reasons for animal deaths exceeds the deaths resulting from animal research EXCEPT: a) Hunting and fishing b) Pet euthanasia c) Road kill d) Food source 9. Non-human primates account for what % of all animals used in research? a) 10% b) 5% c) 1% d) Less than 0.5% 10. Models that don’t use vertebrate animals include the following EXCEPT: a) In silico computer modeling b) Zebrafish c) Yeast cells d) Fruit flies 11. The reason for the use of specific vertebrate models include the following EXCEPT: a) Pigs because organ systems are similar in size to humans. b) Guinea pigs because you can model “mad cow” disease c) Dogs and cats because of the large numbers available at animal shelters d) Mice because many transgenic strains are available to model many diseases 12. Important considerations regarding the parameters of an animal model include the following EXCEPT: a) Fur color and density b) Size of the dosage c) Timing of administering repeated doses d) Route of administration (IV, IP, IM, Oral) 13. Regarding animal models, researchers strive for the following EXCEPT: a) Replace vertebrate animals with other models. b) Reduce numbers of animals used to only those statistically required c) Restrict the use of animal models to a select number of research sites. d) Refine the model to minimize pain. 14. The event that led Dr. Gelhaus to research in that area is: a) Anthrax letters sent to politicians and journalists. b) Sarin gas attack in the Japanese subway c) Ricin attack in Las Vegas d) Measles outbreak at Disneyland. 15. Guidelines from the FDA on animal experimentation include the following EXCEPT: a) Use more than one animal model b) Endpoint of the experiment is usually death c) The mechanism of action and the mechanism of disease in the animal are not important. d) Dose in humans can be estimated from animal models.

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4 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 16. The following correlations are true EXCEPT: a) IACUC is the committee that monitors animal use b) IRB is the committee that monitors human experimentation c) ALF is a splinter bioterrorism group who have released minks and burned monkey facilities. d) CDC is the federal agency that monitors animal study results and authorizes human testing. 17. The FDA’s mission is to ensure that a drug is each of the following EXCEPT: a) Safe b) Reasonably priced c) Effective d) Secure 18. The FDA regulates which of the following: a) Tap water b) Medical devices c) Meat and poultry d) Pesticides 19. The FDA issues the following approvals EXCEPT: a) Material Safety Data sheets (MSDS) detailing the toxicity of a compound b) Pre-market Approval (PMA) for medical devices c) Investigational New Drug (IND) before clinical testing d) New Drug Approval (NDA) before marketing 20 The following FDA units and their focus are correct EXCEPT: a) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and drugs b) Center for Alcohol Toxicity and Regulation (CATR) and alcohol. c) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) and vaccines d) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) and medical devices 21 The FDA might stop a trial for any of the following reasons EXCEPT: a) Side effects causing harm or death b) Highly effective and should be offered to controls c) Trial is flawed and cannot be adjusted. d) Bad publicity about the trial or drug 22 Surprisingly, the FDA has regulatory roles in each of the following, EXCEPT: a) St. John’s Wort b) Animal feed c) Tobacco d) Color additives O O O O

5 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 23 Each of the items on a packet insert is FDA regulated EXCEPT: a) Warnings - section on side effects b) Uses - section on efficacy c) Pricing – section on suggested retail price d) Black box bullets throughout 24 FDA new initiatives include the following EXCEPT a) Accelerated approval – using surrogate markers rather than clinical success b) Breakthrough Therapy – significant improvement over current therapy c) New Class Therapy – new type of therapy never been used before d) Fast Track designation – no current therapy available 25 Besides Patents, other intellectual property includes the following EXCEPT: a) Trade secrets b) Industry standards c) Trademarks d) Copyrights 26 Patents must be the following EXCEPT: a) Non-obvious b) Novel c) Useful d) Potentially profitable 27 It is important that inventors keep all of the following in mind EXCEPT: a) Don’t disclose your invention without a non-disclosure agreement b) Patents will enable you to market your invention c) Avoid invention promotion firms d) If your invention happened as part of your work, you will have to share with your company or University. 28 Each of the following is true about the Myriad Supreme Course case EXCEPT a) Focused on gene patents for genes related to prostate cancer. b) Supreme Court said that naturally occurring genes were not patentable c) The Supreme Court said that cDNA is patentable d) Myriad was co-inventor of the patents with the University of Utah among others. 29 The 2011 America Invents Act included the following EXCEPT: a) Eliminated the one-year grace period for disclosure after a provisional patent has been filed. b) Changed the way in which the Patent Office assigned inventor status c) Eliminated costly lawsuits concerning who invented first d) Gave prior-use rights to non-patent holders O O O O O O O

6 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 30 The following are true about Patents EXCEPT: a) Gives the inventor the right to exclude others from using the invention. b) Awards exclusivity to inventor for a time in exchange for public disclosure c) Gives the inventor recognition for their invention d) Patents can include scientific principles and laws. 31 Once you are awarded a patent, you can do the following EXCEPT: a) License the use of the patent to a third party b) Start using the patent on your own for profit c) Patent the same invention for a new use d) Ignore the patent and let it expire by not paying maintenance fees. 32 The following are details about a patent EXCEPT: a) Cost for filing a patent application is approximately $500,000 b) Legal fees for defending a patent from others could be in the millions of dollars. c) Once you have filed a provisional patent, you have one year to file the actual patent application d) Receiving the patent usually takes 3 to 6 years. 33 Common patent controversies include each of the following EXCEPT: a) Genetically modified organisms, including seeds b) Immortalized or stem cell lines c) Chemical processes d) The rights of indigenous peoples 34 Each of the following is a statistics terms and its definition EXCEPT: a) Median – middle value b) Meridian – furthest value from the average value c) Mean – average value d) Mode – most common value 35 Common statistical tests include the following EXCEPT: a) Chi-squared test b) F-test c) T-test d) Gram test 36 Examples of the Gambler’s Fallacy include the following EXCEPT: a) “Cold” blackjack table b) “Hot” poker hand c) “On a run” on a slot machine d) “Hot tip” at the race track O O O O O O

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7 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 37 The Prosecutor’s Fallacy is summarized as: a) A prior random match is proof of guilt. b) A prior random match is meaningless c) If something happens more frequently during the first period, it will happen less frequently in the next period. d) If something happens that is statistically unlikely, then the assumptions about the process are not true. 38 In a distribution of data points, the following can apply EXCEPT: a) Normal distribution - bell shaped curve b) Skew – distribution is not equal on both sides of the middle c) Kurtosis – a measure of the sharpness of the peak d) Bias – altered distribution in independent tests. 39 People are poor at risk assessment. Which of the following is a GOOD risk assessment: a) Worry about a link to autism and vaccines, more than the risk of many communicable diseases that can be presented by vaccination. b) Worry about Ebola more than the flu in the United States c) Worry about smoking more than asbestos d) Worry about flying in a plane more than driving a car 40 Statistics could be used in a clinical experiment in the following ways EXCEPT: a) Determine the survey size b) Determine the cause and effect of two variables (q-value) c) Perform a Power analysis (p-value) d) Perform a Scatter plot (r-value) to determine the correlation between two variables. TRUE / FALSE QUESTIONS 41. The standard cutoff for a power analysis is 5% (p = 0.05). P values less than 0.05 indicate that the results are significant because they are not consistent with the null hypothesis. a. True b. False 42. Statistics should be applied after data collection. Employing statistics before or during data collection could bias the results. a. True b. False 43. Some undergraduate degrees, including degrees in Biology and General Chemistry automatically qualify you to take the Patent Bar text. a. True b. False 44. The United States has gone from “first to file” to “first to invent” when deciding who is the inventor of a patent. a. True b. False O O O O O O O

8 Anchor 306 – B2B Exam 2 45. It is important to thoroughly search published literature before undertaking animal experimentation, to ensure that the experiments have not been done before. a. True b. False 46. The FDA regulates how a physician runs their medical practice a. True b. False 47. The reason for animal testing is that the FDA requires that a drug be shown to be effective before being used in a human. a. True b. False 48. To date, HIV preventative vaccines have shown no or very limited efficacy. a. True b. False 49. Adjuvants are used in vaccines to slow down the immune response so that the vaccine can persist and allow immunity to develop. a. True b. False 50. In 2002, no deaths due to polio were recorded, because of the polio vaccine and modern medicine to control the limited infections. a. True b. False “Biologists use statistics like a drunk uses a lamp-post – for support rather than illumination”.

Exam 2 version A 2017

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