354 assignment1

PART 1 : Complete the table below by providing an example of a microorganism that performs the specified process, and how such an organism has/could be applied. For each example, include a reference* (e.g., peer-reviewed article, newspaper entry) to support your response. (5 pts) Process   Reacti on   Organism Trophic terms used to define the catabolic process Example Application Reference*  (e.g., doi number) Denitrificat ion   NO 3 -  - > N 2   Pseudomo nas Heterotroph/ organotroph Role of Pseudomonas sp. in Sustainable Agriculture and Disease Management Depletes fertilizers applied to an agricultural crop     DOI: 10.1007/978-981- 10-5343-6_7 Sulfate Reduction   SO 4 2-   - > S 2-   Acidiphili um cryptum Heterotroph/ organotroph  Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria as an Effective Tool for Sustainable Acid Mine Bioremediation     https://doi.org/ 10.3389/ fmicb.2018.0198 6 Iron Reduction   Fe 3+    - > Fe 2+   Shewanell a alga Heterotroph/ organotroph  Regeneration of iron for trichloroethylene reduction by Shewanella alga BrY   10.1016/ j.chemosphere.20 07.01.059

  Uranium Reduction   U 6+   -> U 4+   Desulfovi brio desulfuric ans Heterotroph/ Lithotrophs  Desulfovibrio vulgaris strain Hildenborough demonstrated that extracts containing hydrogenase and cytochrome c3 could reduce uranium(VI) to uranium(IV) with hydrogen as the electron donor.     10.1128/ AEM.68.6.3129- 3132.2002 Selenium Reduction   SeO 4 2-   -> Se 2- Pseudorno nas species Heterotroph/ Lithotrophs  The high levels of selenium (selenate, selenite) in agricultural drainage water in the San Joaquin Valley of California, which have led to environmental problems, might be lowered if the selenate/selenite could be reduced to elemental insoluble selenium     https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1574- 6968.1989.tb035 77.x *References can include:

 The Prochlorococcus microbes are one of the major producers in the ocean which are responsible for a large percentage of photosynthetic production of oxygen. The catabolic process involves taking energy from light and convert them into ATP, and then convert to oxygen and glucose by the photosynthesis process.     b. Production of leavened bread (1 pt):  The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is the main charter in leavening the bread. It can convert the sugar (carbohydrates) through glycolysis to pyruvate while producing ATP. Then, the pyruvate will convert into alcohol and carbon dioxide during the process of fermentation. Finally, thecarbon dioxide will leavens the bread       c. Production of ethanol that goes into ethanol blends used as liquid biofuels to power automobiles (1 pt):  Zymomonas mobilis can be used in the bioethanol production. Similar to the yeast, it undergoes glycolysis and fermentation. The glucose will broken down into the bioethanol and carbon dioxide.