BIOL 4254 COMM. METRICS HW - CASEY NOYES

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Louisiana State University *

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4254

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Community Metrics Homework Assignment General Instructions You completed a Life Tables Calculations Homework Assignment to get comfortable with calculating mean life span and survivorship before you worked with your own data. The purpose of this homework assignment is the same: for you to practice doing community metrics calculations before you need to do them with your own data. You will need to download the Community Metrics Homework Excel File. In it, you will find both example sheets and calculator sheets. Diversity Metrics Start by opening the Diversity Calculator Sheet. There are data from two communities (Community A and Community B) in this spreadsheet. Total Abundance First calculate the total abundance for each community. This is easy – just the total number of individuals in the community. Type “=sum(insert cells you want to sum)”. Do this for both communities. 1) Total Abundance for Community A _ 65 ___________ (7pts) 2) Total Abundance for Community B _ 134 ___________ (7pts) Species Richness (S)

Next calculate species richness (S) for each community. This is easy – just count the number of species in each community. Type “=count(insert cells you want to count)”. Do this for both communities. 3) S for Community A _ 3 ___________ (7pts) 4) S for Community B _ 4 ___________ (7pts) Shannon’s Diversity Index (H’) Shannon’s Diversity Index accounts for both species richness and the relative abundance of each species. The equation is H ' =− ∑ 1 s p i ( ln ( p i ) ) First, you must calculate p i for each species within the community. Remember that p i is the proportion of the community represented by species i. In the example below, p for Quercus virginiana = 65/107. Do this for each species in community A. Then repeat for Community B. Second, you need to take the natural log of p i for each species in Community A and then repeat for Community B. Third, you will multiply p i *ln(p i ) for each species in Community A and then repeat for Community B. Finally, to get H’ you sum all the “pi(ln(pi))” values for Community A. Then repeat for Community B.

5) H’ for Community A _ 0.79027 __________ (7pts) 6) H’ for Community B _ 0.44566 __________ (7pts) Evenness (J’) Evenness is another community metric. The equation is J ' = H ' H max where H max = ln ( S ) . First, calculate H max . Repeat this for Community B. 7) H max for Community A _ 1.098612 __________ (7pts) 8) H max for Community B _ 1.386294 __________ (7pts) Next, calculate J’. 9) J’ for Community A _ 0.7193329 ____________(7pts) 10) J’ for Community B _ 0.32147305 ____________ (7pts)

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Jaccard’s Similarity Index Now use the Jaccard’s Calculator sheet to calculate Jaccard’s Index. Jaccard’s Index = number of shared species/ total number of species First identify the species that the two communities have in common and count the number of shared species, 11) Number of shared species _ 3 __________ (7pts) Second, identify the unique species (those found only in one community).

12) Number of unique species _ 1 _____________ (7pts) Finally, calculate Jaccard’ Index by dividing the number of shared species by the total number of species (shared + unique). 13) Jaccard’s Index _ 0.75 ________________ (7pts) Discussion 14) Are these communities the same? How do they differ? (9 pts) Although these communities are quite similar when considering their shared species, they are not the same. A Jaccard’s index of 0.75 indicates that the two communities share a very similar species composition, but it is not the same composition since J ≠ 1. Both of the communities show the largest proportion (p i ) for Quercus virginiana, but the proportions of community A are dispersed much better than community B. This is indicated by the Shannon Diversity Index (H’) of community A (0.79027) being higher than that for community B (0.44566) as well as the community metric for evenness (J’) being higher for A than B. This is because, although community B has a larger total abundance and a greater richness, Quercus virginiana negatively affects diversity by representing nearly 90% of the total population.

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