Vertebrate Anatomy Post-Lab Guide: Mouse Dissection Insights

Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 Last Name First Name Lab Section # 1) (3 pt) Draw and label the following structures on the diagram as you perform the mouse dissection. Organs in or near the neck region: ● salivary glands (parotid and submandibular) Thoracic cavity : ● heart — include left and right ventricles, aorta and posterior vena cava ● lungs ● trachea ● diaphragm ● thymus (immune system) Abdominal cavity: GI tract organs, including ● esophagus ● stomach ● liver ● pancreas ● small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) ● large intestine (cecum, colon) ● rectum (which opens to the outside through the anus) Also: ● spleen ● mesenteries ● kidneys ● ureter ● urinary bladder 10 - 1

Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 2) (1 pt) Identify the indicated structures. A) spleen C) Liver B) pancreas D) Stomach 10 - 2

Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 3) (1.5 pt) Identify the indicated structures and their corresponding functions. Structure A) ovary B) Uterus C) Kidney Function A) make eggs B) fertilized egg implants and child grows C) remove fluid waste 4) (0.75 pt) Identify the indicated structures. A) testes B) adipose tissue C) bladder 10 - 3

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Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 5) (0.75 pt) Histology Slides a) Identify which region is the cortex in the kidney cross section. (Circle/highlight one) Region A Region B b) What type of reproductive cells are found in the blue circle in the cross section of the testis? Sperm Use the reticle to estimate the horizontal diameter of the seminiferous tubule on the left side of the image. The total magnification is 400x. Refer to the post-lab 2 answer key if you don’t remember the conversion factor. 200 μm c) Identify the entire structure indicated by the red circle in the cross section of the ovary. egg(mature follicle) 10 - 4

Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 6) (1 pt) Draw the cross section through the duodenum at 100x total magnification. Label the lumen , a villus , a crypt , and the circular and longitudinal muscles . If you can also see the mesentery, then label it too. Include a scale bar. Drawing instructions: If you hand-drew the drawings, you can take a picture of the drawings and insert the image below. 10 - 5

Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 7) (0.5 pt) You are asked to make observations of the ob/ob mouse in comparison to a B6 wild-type littermate control. But, you are also dissecting another wildtype mouse (CD-1) with your lab partner in this lab. Why is the wildtype mouse you are dissecting not as adequate of a control to examine the organismal consequences of the ob gene mutation? In your answer, describe at least two major reasons why a wildtype littermate of the ob/ob mouse is a better control to use. It is best to use a mouse that is the littermate of the ob/ob mouse as a control because they will have much more similar genetics, are the same age and had very similar environmental conditions as they were raised in the same litter. 8) (0.5 pt) As discussed in the lecture, the root cause of the anatomic and disease phenotype of the ob/ob mice is excessive accumulation of fat or adipose tissue (a form of connective tissue). In comparison to the controls, in what anatomic compartment is this adipose tissue most excessive? (Circle one) Cranial cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity 9) (0.5 pt) In your own words, describe why a loss of function mutation in the leptin gene leads to the obese phenotype in the ob/ob mice. See the lecture. The mice no longer has the signaling pathway to let it know that it is full so because it doesn't feel full it keeps eating and eating and therefore becomes obese. 10) (0.5 pt) The consequences of excessive fat accumulation in ob/ob mice leads to many secondary changes in the anatomy and physiology of these mice. Examine the ob/ob mice in comparison to the control and describe one major organ or organ system (non-adipose tissue) that shows the most dramatic pathophysiological or abnormal anatomic changes secondary to this excessive fat accumulation. In your answer, describe the changes you see in this organ/organ system. Refer to images on bCourses page 10H. The liver is another organ system that is very different from the control mouse. The liver of the control mouse is much smaller than the ob/ob mouse as the ob/ob mouse exhibited fat accumulation in its liver. The liver is also much more pink in the ob/ob mouse than the control which has a dark red liver. 10 - 6

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Post-Lab LAB 10: VERTEBRATE ANATOMY Bio 1AL Spring 2023 10 - 7

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