Animal Tissues Lab Report: Understanding Epithelial & Connective Types

BioLab 3 Animal Tissues Lab Report Asad Jasani, 1/27/24, Bio – 1409 - 22201 The lab report is unique each semester and checks have been put into place to ensure students are doing their own work. Copying from other students or from outside sources will result in a zero on the accompanying lab quiz. I. Epithelial Tissue 1. Define the following terms: simple epithelium --- a single layer of closely packed cells lining surfaces where absorption, secretion, or filtration takes place. cells: squamous, cubodal or columnar. goblet cell --- Modified columnar cells. Unicellular glands that are scattered throughout the simple columnar epithelial cells and secrete mucus to protect the organ tissue. 2. Name the two classes of epithelial tissue. --- Simple epithelium and stratified epithelium. The classification is based on the number of layers present 3. In Lab Section I, Exercise 2, examine a cross section of kidney. Identify and list the structures indicated as A, B, C, and D. Basement membrane Free surface Inside of the tubule Cell nucleus 4. In Lab Section I, Exercise 3, describe the structure of the epithelial cells that line the intestine. --- A single layer of column shaped cells 5. In Lab Section I, Exercise 4, what is the function of the cells? --- The function of the stratified squamous epithelial tissue is to protect 6. In Lab Section I, Exercise 5, w hy are cheek swabs used for DNA analysis? --- Cheek cells are easy to harvest without invasive procedures and are living © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 1

cells with full compliment of DNA. 7. Draw and label 4 types of epithelial cells, including both simple and stratified varieties. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing and include it with your lab report. II. Connective Tissue 1. Define the following terms: Elastin --- Connective tissue found in almost all areas of the body where elasticity is advantageous Osteocytes --- Bone cells Lacunae --- The small cavity within a bone matrix, that helps in the formation of the Osteon. © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 2

2. What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament? --- They have similar structure, but tendons connect muscle to bone, where ligaments bind bone to bone 3. What is the difference between dense irregular connective tissue and dense regular connective tissue? --- Dense irregular connective tissue contains fibroblast cells that secrete collagen fibers that are not arranged in parallel bundles as in dense regular connective tissue 4. In Lab Section II, Exercise 6, which of the labeled structures imparts elasticity? --- Elastin 5. In Lab Section II, Exercise 8, which tissue type is found in ligaments and tendons? --- Dense regular connective 6. In Lab Section II, Exercise 9, which letter indicates an area of adipose tissue? --- B 7. In Lab Section II, Exercise 10, examine the image of hyaline cartilage. Identify the labeled structures. A. Chondrocytes B. Chondrites matrix 8. In Lab Section II, Exercise 11, why is it necessary to have living cells within the osteon? --- Living cells are necessary because bones are constantly repairing themselves and growing throughout ones lifetime. 9. What is the matrix of blood connective tissue? --- The nonliving material between cells that is produced and secreted by the cells. It may be liquid, semi-solid, gel-like, or very hard III. Muscle Tissue 1. Give the location, function, and appearance of the following muscle types: Skeletal --- Attached to the skeleton. A long fiber or regularly arranged myofibrils with many nuclei scattered at the periphery of the fiber. It gives their striated appearance. Smooth --- Long spindle-shaped cells that have a single nucleus. Makes a large portion of the walls of the gut and blood vessels. The muscles contract involuntarily © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 3

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Cardiac --- Chains of uninucleate cells branched together into intercalated disks. Contract more functional than smooth tissue. It is the heart. 2. What are actin and myosin filaments? --- Actin forms a thin filament whereas myosin forms a thick filament. 3. In Lab Section III, Exercise 13, which organs is smooth muscle found? --- In the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. 4. In Lab Section III, Exercise 14, identify from left to right the three types of muscle. A. Cardiac B. Skeletal C. Smooth IV. Nervous Tissue 1. Draw a neuron and include the following labels: cell body, dendrites, axon. Use an arrow to indicate the direction the impulse travels. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing and include it with this lab report. 2. In Lab Section IV, Exercise 15, where in the human body are cell bodies found? --- Brain, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 4

V. Skin 1. List four functions of skin. --- i. Protection from penetration and disease ii. Protection from dehydration iii. Excretion of waste materials iv. Receiving information about the environment 2. Describe the process of keratinization. --- Process where a stratified squamous epithelium layer is created at the first layer of our skin. Matured cells from the base of the epidermis are rapidly pushing more mature cells that by aging creates more keratin © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 5

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Summary Questions Complete the following table: Tissue Type Connective Appearance Function Location Loose connective tissue Loose mesh or net- like arrangement of fibers Secrete proteins, collagen and elastin Surrounds blood vessels and nerves Dense regular connective tissue Fibers go in one direction Provide strong connection between tissues Tendons and ligaments Dense irregular connective tissue Fibers go in different directions Is a large portion of the skin Skin Adipose tissue Blank and round cells Stores energy, insulates the body and cushion organs In fat Cartilage Glossy blue white Serves as protection to the bone In the nose, skeletal joints, trachea, larynx and external ear Bone Hard whitish tissue Maeks up out skeleton Almost everywhere. Provide the term or name the tissue that matches the following: 1. What is typical of connective tissue? --- They have fibroblast cells that secrete collagen fibers. All connective tissue has fibers, just arranged differently 2. What is a structure with a definite shape and function composed of more than one tissue? --- Organ 3. Give an example of an organ system. --- Digestive system, nervous system, etc. 4. Give an example of dense connective tissue. --- Ligaments and tendons. 5. Type of tissue whose functions include protection, absorption, and secretion. --- Epithelial © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 7

6. Type of muscle that is striated, multinucleated, and voluntary. --- Skeletal muscle 7. Type of connective tissue that has a jellylike and flexible matrix; found at the ends of bones, in the ear, and in the nose. --- Cartilage 8. Type of striated muscle tissue that contains intercalated disks. --- Cardiac muscle. 9. The category of tissue that has a matrix and fibers. --- Connective Tissue Proper 10. Type of epithelial tissue that is more likely to be involved in absorption (simple or stratified). --- Simple cuboidal epithelium is active in the reabsorption and secretion of water, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances. Also, simple columnar cells can be absorptive © 2024 Access Learning Systems SP24-B 8

Animal Tissues Lab Report

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