BIOL&211 prelab mitochondrial DNA Part 2 due Nov. 28

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Washington State University *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL&211, Fall 2022 Name: ______________Lacey Garza____ DUE: Monday, November 28, 2022 @ 11:59 p.m.  Type your answers in the spaces below. Bold your answers.  You will upload this entire Word or PDF document directly to Canvas. Because Canvas cannot open documents in other formats, all assignments for the entire quarter will need to be either Word documents or converted to a PDF. Prelab (3 points): Mitochondrial DNA (Part 2) Purpose: Preparation is key for any work in a laboratory. Understanding the planned procedure prompts you to prepare the necessary materials and plan your time effectively. Sometimes we learn from surprises in the lab, but many times they can lead to problems (contamination, fires, wasted time). Adequate preparation minimizes surprises as much as possible. It is also important to make sure you have adequate background knowledge to understand what is being done in lab! Task:  Modified procedures will be posted on Canvas. We will be doing the gel electrophoresis portion of this experiment this week.  Answer the following questions before coming to lab.  Upload this Word or PDF document containing your bolded answers directly into Canvas. Criteria for Success:  Be prepared for lab: read the pages of the lab manual indicated above.  Always read all of the instructions.  Answer all parts of all questions.  Meet your deadline. Answer the following questions:  You need to be prepared for lab each time we meet.  Before starting this lab, complete the following questions for your prelab assignment .  Read the corresponding pages in your lab manual . 1. Note that this lab is a 2-part lab and the gel electrophoresis part that we are doing this week also isn’t great for hypothesis testing… other than that you would predict that the __longer______________ (shorter or longer?) PCR fragments will stay closest to the wells where you load the DNA because ____shorter fragments move through the gel faster____________ 2. DNA has a charge associated with it. a. DNA has __a negative charge__ (a positive charge, a negative charge, or no charge). b. The functional group in each nucleotide of DNA carries that charge is the _____phosphate group___________ (what functional group? Note that you may need to refer back to Figure 4.9 in Chapter 4 of your text to identify the appropriate functional group).

c. Explain how we use the charge on DNA to our advantage while doing gel electrophoresis: _______opposites attract __________________________ (In other words, do opposite charges attract or do same charges attract?) d. Explain how the charge of DNA relate to using the phrase “run to the red” while performing gel electrophoresis? In other words, what is “color-coded” red in the gel box. ___the DNA is negitive and will be attracted to the positive side which is red.______________ Analyze the gel used in the Crime Scene Investigator PCR Basics Kit from BioRad (below). 3. Compare the banding patterns in the gel from the “Crime Scene Investigator PCR Basics Kit” (above). a. On the above image, Suspect __C_________ (which Suspect?) likely committed the crime at the crime scene. b. Other people may be at the scene of the crime for legitimate reasons. You would likely want to collect DNA from __non suspects or people in the area like cops_________ (who else other than the samples listed on the gel above ?) to make sure that they did not contaminate the crime scene.

c. We ____can_______ (can or cannot?) isolate DNA from single cells and identify criminals from a very small DNA samples. Therefore, criminals _____do not______ (do or do not?) need to leave a large DNA sample behind at the scene of a crime. d. If your criminal is a monozygotic (identical) twin, we __cannot_________ (can or cannot?) use standard PCR alone (such as that used in the FBI’s CODIS database) to tell which twin committed the crime because ____The DNA we create will be too similar if not the same _______ .

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