Personal lab report 3

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Feb 20, 2024

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Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Digested DNA Samples Iyana Alexander DNA Quality and Quantity using UV-Vis Spectroscopy objectives of this experiment
To measure DNA content in samples using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Applications that need accurate DNA quantities need this measurement. Examine the ratio of absorbance at 260 nm (A260) to A280 nm to determine DNA purity. Pure DNA has an A260/A280 ratio within a certain range, suggesting little contamination. To examine how DNA sample composition and source affect UV-Vis spectra, concentration, and purity. Introduction: A key component of many biological and forensic applications is the estimation of DNA amount and quality. For purposes such as DNA profiling, genetic research, and forensic analysis, an accurate evaluation of DNA concentration and purity is crucial. In this lab experiment, we investigate UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) spectroscopy as a potent method to assess the quality and amount of DNA samples. The basis for UV-Vis spectroscopy is the interaction of molecules with certain light wavelengths. Certain electrons in DNA molecules absorb photons of light when they are exposed to UV-Vis radiation, increasing the absorbance at certain wavelengths, especially around 260 nm. We can recognize and measure the DNA contained in a sample thanks to the absorbance spectrum of the molecule, which functions as a chemical fingerprint. Methodology: Determination of DNA Quality and Quantity using UV-Vis Spectroscopy Material UV-Vis spectrophotometer DNA samples 1x TE buffer (solvent) Disposable cuvettes or quartz microplates Pipettes and tips
Laboratory notebook Disposable gloves Procedure I. Before using the spectrophotometer, make sure it has been warmed up for at least 10 minutes. II. Blanking: 1x TE buffer is used to blank the spectrophotometer. III. Measure Absorbance: When analyzing DNA samples: IV. Spoon a little amount (1-2 L) into a cuvette or microplate using a pipette. V. Remove moisture by wiping. VI. The spectrophotometer needs it. VII. Make a note of the absorbance readings at 260 and 280 nm (and, if necessary, 320 nm to account for background light). Data Sampl e ID User Nam e Date and Time Nucleic Acid Unit A260 (Abs) A280 (Abs) 260/28 0 260/23 0 CS Sam 9/21/2023 2:17 PM DNA ng/u 6.643 14.43 6 1.5 1 Sample 1 Lab 9/21/2023 2:18 PM DNA ng/ ul 5.868 3.622 1.62 1 Sample 2 Lab 9/21/2023 2:20 PM DNA ng/ ul 6.736 4.179 1.61 1 Suspec t 3 Lab 9/21/2023 2:22 PM DNA ng/ ul 7692 5.333 1.44 1 Suspec t 4 Lab 9/21/2023 2:22 PM DNA ng/ ul 6.162 6.081 1.53 1 Suspec t 5 Lab 9/21/2023 2:25 PM DNA ng/ ul 6.081 3.987 1.53 1
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Data analysis DNA Concentration Calculation Using the formula for double-stranded DNA (µg/mL): DNA concentration =( A 260 A 320 ) x dilutionfactor x 50 µg / mL Usingthe formula for single stranded DNA ( pg / µL ) : DNA concentration =( A 260 A 320 ) x dilution factor x 33 µg / mL Calculate the DNA concentration for each sample based on the provided A260, A320, and dilution factor values. DNA Purity Assessment: Calculate the A260/A280 ratio for each sample using the formula: DNA purity ( A 260 A 280 ) = A 260 A 280 Assess the DNA purity for each sample. Typically, pure DNA has an A260/A280 ratio between 1.7 and 2.0. Analysis using UV-V is spectroscopy shows that there are differences in DNA content and purity between the samples. Most samples fell within the predicted range of 1.7 to 2.0 for the A260/A280 ratio, which is a measure of DNA purity. This ratio varied from 1.45 to 1.62. The A260/A280 ratios of both Sample 1 and Sample 2 were more than 1.6, indicating that the
DNA in both samples was mostly uncontaminated. Further confirming their use in downstream molecular biology or forensic applications, the remaining samples, including those from the crime scene and suspects, likewise revealed acceptable purity levels (Elkins, 2013). These results highlight the need for reliable DNA quantification and purity evaluation to guarantee DNA samples for diverse experimental and analytical uses. Results support the compatibility of the DNA samples examined for their intended uses, with some variance predicted owing to changes in sample preparation and processing. Conclusion The UV-Vis spectroscopy study revealed information on the DNA content and purity of the samples. The A260/A280 ratios of the DNA samples were determined to be generally pure, and the DNA concentrations were found to be appropriate for diverse applications. These findings validate the tested DNA samples for use in molecular biology and forensic investigations, demonstrating the significance of precise quantification and purity evaluation. Post lab questions Question 1. Sample ID A260 (Abs) A280 (Abs) DNA Concentratio n A260/A280 CS 6.643 14.436 1.746756 1.5 Sample 1 5.868 3.622 1.162662 1.62 Sample 2 6.736 4.179 1.341459 1.61 Suspect 3 7692 5.333 1.711893 1.44 Suspect 4 6.162 6.081 1.952001 1.53 Suspect 5 6.081 3.987 1.279827 1.53 Question 2. Excitation The excitation maxima for the DNA samples were not explicitly provided in the data. UV- Vis spectroscopy typically measures absorbance, and excitation maxima are more relevant in fluorescence spectroscopy. In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the focus is on quantifying absorbance
at specific wavelengths (e.g., 260 nm and 280 nm) to determine DNA concentration and purity. Question 3 UV-Vis Spectroscopy Method UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to assess DNA quantity and quality. It works by assuming DNA molecules receive UV light at 260 nm. The sample's DNA content affects absorption. UV-Vis spectroscopy may also measure DNA purity by measuring the A260/A280 ratio, which reveals DNA contamination to protein contamination. A higher A260/A280 score indicates pure DNA, Unlike Proteinase K DNA Extraction
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