Neuro Week 3 Lab

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Week 3 Nervous System-Spinal cord, PNS, and reflexes Learning Objectives: Locate and identify the regions and parts of the spinal cord. Identify the spinal contributions to cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal plexuses. Locate and identify major peripheral nerves. Identify the components of a reflex arc. Introduction: The spinal cord is a continuation from the medulla oblongata of the brain stem. It allows communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers. We will see that multiple spinal cord levels can contribute to the formation of a peripheral nerve as fibers pass through the various plexuses. The protective role of a reflex arc will be examined. Assignment: Part 1: Complete the following activities Anatomy.TV: Nervous System- Spinal cord, Spinal nerves, Reflexes To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Nervous system>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. Have the lab report with you as you complete the activities so you may record data. Part 2: Complete the lab report Week 3 Nervous System Lab Report 1. Describe the anatomy of the spinal cord by completing the following chart: (3 points) # of associated segments/spinal nerve pairs Spinal cord 31 segments Cervical region 8 segments Thoracic region 12 segments Lumbar region 5 segments Sacral region 5 segments Coccygeal 1 segments 2. Define the following terms: (1 point each)
Cauda equina The vertebral canal below the second lumbar vertebra is filled with the nerve roots from the lumbosacral spine. This bunch of nerve roots resembles a horse’s tail and is known as the cauda equina. Conus medullaris Identified by the second lumbar vertebrae of the spinal cord terminating and tampering― a development known as the conus medullaris. Reflex A reflex is a rapid, involuntary sequence of actions occurring in response to a stimulus. Reflexes control actions with a wide range of functions, such as protection or influencing locomotor activity. 4. Describe a reflex arc including the 5 components. (5 points) A reflex arc is the neural pathway by which a reflex occurs. It is composed of the following: a. Sensory receptor b. Sensory Neuron c. Synapses and Interneurons d. Motor Neurons e. Effector 5. Describe the reflex response to a painful stimulus such as stepping on a nail. (2 points) A flexor reflex would occur if I stepped on a nail. A flexor reflex is initiated by a painful stimulus and results in the reflex contraction of flexor muscles, withdrawing the limb from the stimulus. View the pathway below: a. Pain receptor b. Sensory Neuron c. Interneurons d. Motor Neurons e. Flexor Muscles (effectors) 6. Discuss why a person who has a spinal cord injury at C6 is spared from needing a ventilator. In order to answer you must consider what nerve innervates the diaphragm and which spinal cord segments contribute to this nerve. (2 points)
The Phrenic nerve travels through the thorax to innervate the diaphragm, without which we would not be able to breathe. The phrenic nerve only interfaces with the cervical spinal cord segments C3, C4, and C5. Because our patient suffered an injury at C6, there would be no need to intubate since the phrenic nerve and, subsequently, the respiratory system remained unaffected. Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity   Deliverable   Points   Part 1 Complete lab activities 15 Part 2 Complete lab report 15 Total   Complete all lab activities   30
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