Genetics and genomics.edited

docx

School

Harvard University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1

Subject

Biology

Date

Nov 24, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

11

Uploaded by owinostevan80

Report
Genetics and genomics 1 Genetics and genomics- DNA Fingerprinting Student’s Name Course Name and Number Instructor’s Name Institutional Affiliation Assignment’s Due Date
Genetics and genomics 2 Introduction The process of DNA fingerprinting plays an essential part in distinguishing and comparing genetic data. DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting, is a strategy commonly utilized in genetics and genomics to analyze an individual's special DNA characteristics. This strategy exploits the variability in particular regions of an individual's genome, making a distinct design of bands that can be visualized on a gel. In the experiment, the goal is to generate DNA fingerprints for individuals involved in a crime investigation, particularly the Crime Scene sample and the suspects (Ray Carlton, Lisa Dieta, Carrie Hoffman, Ralph Tribano). The laboratory techniques employed, such as the digestion of DNA with restriction enzymes, agarose gel electrophoresis, and subsequent imaging, are fundamental steps in the DNA fingerprinting process. By labeling and processing each individual's DNA sample, researchers can selectively cut the DNA at specific recognition sites using restriction enzymes. This process results in unique DNA fragments for each individual, creating a set of bands on the gel during electrophoresis. The resulting gel photograph serves as a DNA fingerprint, allowing for a comparative analysis of the genetic profiles of the Crime Scene sample and the suspects. DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool not only in criminal investigations but also in various fields, such as paternity testing, forensic science, and medical diagnostics. The experiment outlined showcases the application of DNA fingerprinting techniques to link or exclude individuals based on their genetic profiles, shedding light on their potential involvement in the destruction of Tod Bridgeton's science project.
Genetics and genomics 3 Materials and Method For Digestion of DNA with Restriction Enzymes: Labeled tubes for each DNA sample (Crime Scene, Ray Carlton, Lisa Dieta, Carrie Hoffman, Ralph Tribano) DNA samples (Crime Scene, Ray Carlton, Lisa Dieta, Carrie Hoffman, Ralph Tribano) Enzyme Master Mix (E) Pipette with tips Incubator set at 37°C For Preparing an Agarose Gel Agarose (0.3g) Clean bottle or flask TAE buffer (30ml) Microwave oven Paper towel GelRed (1μl) Gel mold with a comb TAE buffer for covering the gel For Running DNA on a Gel Loading buffer (GLB) - 2μl for each DNA sample
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Genetics and genomics 4 Gel tank Power supply set at 120V For Imaging Gel documentation system or camera Blue dye for visualization In the initial step of the experiment, tubes were labeled for each DNA sample, including Crime Scene, Ray Carlton, Lisa Dieta, Carrie Hoffman, and Ralph Tribano. To these tubes, 5μl of the corresponding DNA sample was added. Subsequently, 5μl of Enzyme Master Mix (E) was introduced directly to the drop of DNA in each tube using the pipette tip. The lines underwent incubation at 37°C for an hour, ensuring they were securely placed in a temperature-controlled incubator. Moving on to the preparation of the agarose gel, 0.3g of agarose was weighed and placed in a clean bottle or flask. Following this, 30ml of TAE buffer was added to the agarose, and the mixture was microwaved at a medium setting until boiling. After removal from the microwave, the agarose was swirled until completely dissolved. GelRed (1μl) was added to the cooled solution, and the agarose-GelRed mixture was poured into the gel mold, left to set for 20-30 minutes, and combed to create wells for loading samples. TAE buffer was then poured over the gel to cover it entirely. For running DNA on the gel, 2μl of loading buffer (GLB) was added to each of the five DNA samples, including the Crime Scene. Samples were carefully loaded into the wells, and the gel was run at 120V until the blue dye front nearly reached the bottom. Following the gel run, the
Genetics and genomics 5 gel was photographed to capture the separated DNA bands for each sample. In the analysis phase, students were tasked with comparing the DNA banding patterns of the Crime Scene sample with those of the suspects (Ray Carlton, Lisa Dieta, Carrie Hoffman, Ralph Tribano) based on the gel photograph. Results Discussion The identification of a match between the DNA band from the crime scene and Carrie Hoffman raises questions about her potential involvement. The banding pattern suggests a shared genetic profile, implying a connection. However, it's essential to consider the limitations of DNA fingerprinting, such as the possibility of coincidental matches or errors in the analysis. Further investigation, including additional genetic markers or corroborating evidence, is crucial to establish a conclusive link and determine Carrie Hoffman's role in the crime. DNA fingerprinting, while powerful, requires careful interpretation and consideration of contextual factors in forensic analysis.
Genetics and genomics 6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Genetics and genomics 7 Post Laboratory Questions Question 1 (10 marks): From the above figure, list the full genotypes of the four suspects. Use the nomenclature A1 for allele 1 at locus A. Ralph Tribano (RT) A1, B2, B3, C1, D1, D2 Lisa Dieta (LD) A1, A3, B2, C1, D1, D2 Carrie Hoffman (CH) A1, A2, B1, C1, D2 Ray Carlton (RC) A1, A2, B2, B3, C1, D1, D2 Question 2 (10 marks): The table below gives the number of times that each of the alleles present in our suspects are observed in the general population. From this allele frequency table, calculate and list the frequency within the general population of each of these alleles. When the frequencies for each allele (at a given locus) are added together, they do not reach 1 (100%); why is this? Frequency of Allele= Total Number of Samples Screened/ Times Allele Observed Locus A: Frequency 1: 364/520- =0.7 Frequency 2: 52/520 = 0.1 Frequency 3: 78/ 520 =0.15 Locus B Frequency 1: 112/560 = 0.2
Genetics and genomics 8 Frequency 2: 140/560 = 0.25 Frequency 3: 140/560 = 0.25 Locus C Frequency 1: 486/540 = 0.9 Locus D Frequency 1:156/520 =0.3 Frequency 2: 234/540 = 0.45 Explanation for Total Frequencies Not Adding Up to 1 The incidences for each allele at a given locus do not primarily sum up to 1 (100%), as people can have two alleles at an exact locus (one from each parent). The frequencies determined are based on the number of times a particular allele is observed out of the entire number of samples screened, not the whole number of alleles. Question 3 (20 marks): For each of the four suspects, calculate the probability that another member of the general population would have the same DNA profile. Ralph Tribano 1-(0.7×0.2×0.9×0.45) = 0.97 Carrie Hoffman 1-(0.15×0.25×0.9×0.3) =0.99 Lisa Dieta 1-(0.1×0.25×0.9×0.45) = 0.99 Ray Carlton 1-(0.7×0.2×0.9×0.3) = 0.96
Genetics and genomics 9 Question 4 (10 marks): If Ralph Tribano and Carrie Hoffman were to have a child together, list one possible genotype that that child could have. During the investigation, it was revealed that Lisa Dieta is actually Ray Carlton's daughter. List a possible genotype of the mother. Possible genotype for the child: A1/B2/B3/C1/D Possible Genotype of Mother: A1/A2/B2/B3/C1/D1/D2 Question 5 (10 marks): The "prosecutor's fallacy" commonly crops up when considering DNA fingerprinting evidence. Consider the following scenario: DNA fingerprinting evidence from a crime scene in the UK indicates that 1 in 10,000 people will match the DNA profile found at the crime scene. For this exercise, assume that the frequencies of the alleles used do not deviate between different subpopulations of the UK and that someone from the UK committed the crime. On DNA fingerprinting evidence alone, what is the approximate probability that a suspect with a matching DNA profile is innocent of the crime? Explain your reasoning in 50 words or less. To find the number of suspects, 65009664/10000 = 6500.9664. To find the number of innocent suspects, I then did: 6500.9664 - 1 = 6599.9664. Finally, I did the calculation P (innocent|evidence) = 6499.9664/6500.9664 = 0.99984617671 or 99.98%. The likelihood that a suspect with a matching DNA profile is innocent, based exclusively on DNA evidence, is roughly 99.98%. This calculation considers the probability of a random coordinate (1 in 10,000) and proposes that there's a 99.98% chance that a person with a matching
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Genetics and genomics 10 profile is innocent. Question 6 (20 marks): With the help of diagrams, explain in 100 words or less how the extensive polymorphism observed in Variable Number Tandem Repeats (originally used for DNA Fingerprinting analysis) arises. Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) showcase significant polymorphism stemming from differing counts of repeated motifs at specific DNA locations. Visualize a DNA segment with varying repeat numbers (depicted as blocks). The heightened mutation rates contribute to diverse patterns, resulting in distinctive alleles within populations. This inherent variability is pivotal for accurate genetic profiling in DNA fingerprinting analyses.
Genetics and genomics 11 Reference List Kadu, S.S., 2021. DNA Fingerprinting: Current Scenario and Future. In Biological Anthropology-Applications and Case Studies . IntechOpen. Sahar, A.H.S., Bibi, J. and Iqbal, R.K., 2019. Issues with DNA fingerprinting in the forensic lab: a review. J Med Res Case Rep , 1 (1).

Related Documents

microbiology exam (356).pdf
EBB6FD5D-19BD-4CBE-A76E-A7B82B01F090.jpeg
Screenshot (560).png
Skip top navigation.docx
1E642F47-A5B8-4DF5-A1CA-A928726AE753.jpeg
Summary of Protein Synthesis.pdf
23.jpeg
Biol1102-A_Assign5_Indiv(Health_Env).docx
02_04_membrane_transport.docx
Microsoft Excel Exercise Questions 2.docx
3. (75) Unit 6.pdf
_07._cancer_ws.docx
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
Biology
ISBN:9781305967359
Author:STARR
Publisher:CENGAGE L
Text book image
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Text book image
Nutrition Now
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337415408
Author:Brown
Publisher:Cengage
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
Biology
ISBN:9781305967359
Author:STARR
Publisher:CENGAGE L
Text book image
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Text book image
Nutrition Now
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337415408
Author:Brown
Publisher:Cengage
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS