02_04_membrane_transport

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2.4 Biology Notebook: Membrane Transport Note: Do not submit the guided notes as your assignment. Page 1: Selectively Permeable Membrane What is another name for the cell membrane? Plasma membrane What does selectively permeable mean? Allows some substances to pass through but not others The membrane is selectively permeable; that is, it allows some substances to pass through, but not others. Key Terms: Jot down terms and definitions that are new to you. You will see them used in the lesson. Passive transport Active transport Page 2: Cell Membrane Describe how the following are important in the makeup of the cell membrane: 1. Phospholipid bilayer A double layer made up of carbohydrates, phospholipids, and proteins. Phospholipids are made up of two fatty acids and one phosphate group bonded to the glycerol molecule. 2. Proteins Act as channels or carriers for other molecules. Damaged or missing ones can cause diseases 3. Carbohydrates Server as markers that distinguish one cell from another. 4. Cholesterol Effect the movement of molecules within the membrane. 1

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic? Hydrophilic means that it mixes well with water, hydrophobic means the opposite Define homeostasis. the balance of chemicals, nutrients, and waste within a cell Page 3: Types of Membrane Transport The transport of substances through the membrane is selective, meaning that the membrane allows some things through, but not others. Describe passive transport. Be sure to include what happens to concentration. A substance moves from high concentration to low concentration. No chemical energy is required. Describe active transport. Be sure to include what happens to concentration. A substance moves from low concentration to high concentration. The chemical energy known as ATP is required. Based on the video, explain what happens to oxygen molecules. When the concentration of oxygen is the same inside and outside of the cell, equal amounts of oxygen move into and out of the cell. When the concentration of oxygen is greater inside the cell, more oxygen moves out of the cell. When the concentration of oxygen is greater outside the cell, more oxygen moves into the cell Page 4: Passive Transport Describe each of the types of passive transport and provide an example for each. Type of Transport Explanation Example Diffusion the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration when waste from a cell leaves through the cell membrane Facilitated Diffusion the membrane only allows certain molecules to pass through it a type of passive transport Osmosis the diffusion of water through the cell 2

membrane How do large molecules move across the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion? They pass through the membrane with the assistance of proteins that act as channels. What are aquaporins? Proteins that allow water to pass right through them. Describe three types of solutions 1)Hypertonic solution: the concentration of a solute is higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The cell will shrink (water exits the cell) 2)Hypotonic solution: the concentration of a solute is lower outside the cell than inside the cell. The cell will grow (water enters the cell) 3)Isotonic solution: there are equal amounts of solute both inside and outside the cell. The cell will not change in size (water doesn’t move) Page 5: Active Transport Why is energy needed for active transport? Will particles move to an area of higher or lower concentration? Active transport requires energy from the cell because particles move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. Describe endocytosis. The intake of materials from outside the cell when the membrane folds around the material and forms a sac like vesicle. Describe exocytosis. The discharge of materials to the outside of a cell when a vesicle containing these materials fuses with the plasma membrane. 3

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Practice question: If sodium ions are moving from outside the cell to inside the cell, where there is a greater amount of sodium ions, which type of transport will occur? A. Passive Transport B. Facilitated Diffusion C. Active Transport D. Osmosis Remember: Do not submit the guided notes as your assignment. 4

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