02_01_properties_of_water

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Nov 24, 2024

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2.1 Biology Notebook: Properties of Water Note: Do not submit the guided notes as your assignment. Page 1: Water is Essential Why is water essential to all life on Earth? It is in the cells of all living things. Key Terms: Jot down terms and definitions that are new to you. You will see them used in the lesson. Polar covalent bond Hydrogen bonds Cohesion Page 2: Chemical Bonds What is the chemical formula for water? H2O What are the two main types of chemical bonds? Type of Bond Definition Example Ionic Bond a chemical bond in which ions are held together by the attraction between their opposite charges Covalent Bond a chemical bond in which two atoms are held together by their mutual attraction for two or more electrons they share What is an ionic compound? Atoms that are ionically bonded together What is a covalent compound? Atoms that are covalently bonded together What type of bonds and atoms form a water molecule? Covalent bond. Made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom Page 3: Hydrogen Bonding Describe hydrogen bonding. 1
The attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds What is a polar molecule? One end of the molecule is slightly positive while the other is slightly negative Why are hydrogen bonding and polarity so important for water molecules? A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between two polar molecules that contain a hydrogen atom directly bonded to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom. Page 4: The Properties of Water Why is water considered to be a universal solvent? Many different substances dissolve well in water Property of Water Definition Example Cohesion the attraction of the same particles (water to water/something clinging to itself) Adhesion the attraction of water to other substances Because of hydrogen bonding, the water molecules act like tiny magnets and cling to each other. Page 5: Other Properties of Water Describe each property of water in the table below and why it is important. Property of Water Description Example Surface Tension a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid Capillary Action the movement of water through a narrow tube Specific Heat the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius Heat of Vaporization the amount of energy needed to convert 1 gram of a liquid into a gas Expansion When water freezes, the hydrogen bonding between the molecules causes them to form rigid structures, resembling six- sided hexagons 2
In the specific heat example, which liquid has the highest specific heat? (Remember that the more heat it takes to make the liquid raise 1 degree in temperature, the higher the specific heat it has.) Water Why does water have a high boiling point? What happens when water freezes? The hydrogen bonding that holds the molecules together. Water expands when it freezes. What is density? The ratio of mass to volume Why is ice less dense than liquid water? There are fewer water molecules present in ice Why is it important to ecosystems that ice floats in liquid water? The floating ice helps insulate the water below to allow life to continue to live instead of freezing to death Page 6: Is It an Acid or a Base? What is pH? The measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution What is the difference between an acid and a base? Acids have a lower ph and more H+ ions while a base has a higher ph and less H+ ions Complete the interactive Provide an example for each pH in the table below. Identify whether it is acid or base. pH Acid or Base Example 1 acid stomach acid 2 acid lemon juice, vinagar 3 acid grapefruit, oranges, soda 4 acid tomatoes 5 acid coffee 6 acid milk, saliva 7 neutral pure water 8 base sea water 9 base baking soda 10 base great salt lake 11 base household ammonia 12 base soapy water 3
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13 base household bleach 14 base liquid drain cleaner Give an example of a substance with a high concentration of H+ ions. Battery acid Give an example of a substance with a low concentration of H+ ions. Remember: Do not submit the guided notes as your assignment. Practice questions: Ice is less dense than water, which allows it to float on liquid water. Why does this happen? A. Because the ice molecules are spaced closer together B. Because the ice molecules are spaced farther apart C. Because the liquid water molecules are arranged in the shape of a pentagon D. Because the liquid water molecules are arranged against their polarity Water can travel upwards in the small tubes within plants. This is: A. Surface Tension B. Adhesion C. Cohesion D. Capillary Action 4

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