IMMUNE SYSTEM

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Monroe County Community College *

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103

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Biology

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Jun 24, 2024

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IMMUNE SYSTEM The immune system's three lines of defense include physical and chemical barriers, non-specific innate responses, and specific adaptive responses .
IMMUNE SYSTEM
IMMUNE SYSTEM
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IMMUNE SYSTEM 1. a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies . ANTIGEN 2. a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. PATHOGEN 3. occurs when the body's immune system sees a substance as harmful and overreacts to it. ALLERGIES 4. When you come into contact with the allergen, your immune system's reaction can inflame your skin, sinuses, airways or digestive system. What am I? AN ALLERGY 5. also called allergic rhinitis, can cause: Sneezing,,Itching of the nose, eyes or roof of the mouth, Runny, stuffy nose, Watery & red or swollen eyes (conjunctivitis). What am I? HAY FEVER 6. A healthy immune system defends the body against disease and infection. But if the immune system malfunctions, it mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Called _____________ disease, these attacks can affect any part of the body, weakening bodily function and even turning life-threatening. AUTOIMMUNE 7. __________ are a type of protein on red blood cells. When they come into contact with substances that are unfamiliar to your body, such as certain bacteria, they trigger a response from your immune system. ANTIGEN 8. The _______ immune system is the first part of the body to detect invaders such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and toxins, or to sense wounds or trauma. INNATE 9. The_________ immune system activates special immune system cells and proteins if germs get past the skin and mucous membranes and enter the body. INNATE 10. A child gets a cut on his finger. Swelling occurs at the site to increase blood flow and bring phagocytes to the injury to destroy any foreign cells that may have been introduced. This response describes which type of immunity? INNATE IMMUNITY 11. A substance that kills microorganisms such as bacteria or mold, or stops them from growing and causing disease. (AN-tee-my-KROH-bee-ul) ANTIMICROBIAL 12. What is the difference between antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic resistance? ANSWER: C A. They are the same B. Antibiotic resistance is a subset of AMR an donly refers to the resistance of bacteria against antibiotics C. Antimicrobial resistance includes microorganisms such as viruses, parasites and fungi and not only bacteria 13. _____________is the process by which a phagocyte (a type of white blood cell) surrounds and destroys foreign substances (such as bacteria) and removes dead cells. (FA-goh-sy-TOH-sis) PHAGOCYTOSIS 14. In phagocytosis the digested contents are eliminated by: ANSWER: B a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. C3b 15. A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells is called a/an: ANSWER: A a. Macrophage b. Basophils c. Mast Cells 16. __________are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells. When released, they signal the immune system to do its job. They also affect the growth of all blood cells and other cells that help the body's immune and inflammation responses. a. Cytokines b. Lymphocyte
IMMUNE SYSTEM c. Fibroblast 17. 1. T-cells and B-cells are a. Two types of major lymphatic vessels b. Two categories of leukocytes c. Two types of lymphocytes 2. Skin, Hair, Mucus, Earwax, Secrections(acid,salt,enzymes), and normal flora are a. 3 types of external barriers b. External Innate Responses listed c. Complements 3. prevent viral replication a. Interferons b. Plasma Cells c. Inflammation 4. underactivity of the immune system which infects helper T-cells which prevent it from activation cytotoxic t cells and b cells, preventing the immune system from operating a. Passive immunity b. AIDS causes c. Autoimmune disease 5. the group of proteins in blood serum and plasma that works with antibodies to destroy particular antigens a. complements b. b-cells c. interferons 6. respond to conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP's) through troll like receptors and trigger an inflammation or antigen presentation
IMMUNE SYSTEM a. Natural Killer Cells (nk Cells) b. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells c. Plasma Cells 7. digest pathogens and present the pathogen to helper T cells a. A toxin that stimulates an immune response in the body b. Antigen presenting cells (ACP's) do what? c. Once pathogen is recognized B-cells do what? 8. produce large amount of antibodies (immunoglobulins) that can bind to the antigen a. memory cells b. helper t cells c. plasma cellS 9. body to go into overdrive producing huge amounts of IgE that trigger histamine release from mast cells, causing allergies with sneezing and mucous secretion a. Overactive immune system that targets pollen can cause b. the adaptive immune system responds by... c. adaptive immune system functional cells are called______ 10. innate a. dna replication (definition) b. autoimmune disease c. non-specific immune response 11. lymphocyte cells that attack host cells that harbor intracellular pathogens a. Neutrophils (never) b. The adaptive immune system responds by... c. Natural Killer (NK) 12. stop making antibodies and produce memory cells that remember the antigen a. If antigen levels subside plasma cells do what? b. External Innate Responses listed c. Re-encounter with an antigen can trigger .... 13. an antibody
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IMMUNE SYSTEM a. Interferons b. Antigen c. Immunoglobulin 14. includes fever a. Inflammation b. Antimicrobials c. Interferons 15. recognize the pathogens signature antigen which induces the B- cells to multiple rapidly into secretory cells called plasma cells a. B-cells b. Helper T-cells c. Interferons 16. Antimicrobials, Inflammation, Interferons, Complement, NK lymphocytes, Phagocytes(including APC) a. Interferons b. Specific Immune Response c. Internal Innate Responses 17. production by the body a. Inflammation b. Two types of immunity c. Active immunity 18. searches out and destroys any cell that contains the pathogens antigen signature a. The adaptive immune system Responds by... b. T-cells mature ..... c. Once activated, the cytotoxic T-cell then... 19. cells that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens a. Plasma Cells b. Interferons c. B-cells
IMMUNE SYSTEM 20. physical (skin, mucous secretions) chemical (changes in PH, salt, enzymes,) cellular barriers (commensal microorganisms) a. plasma cells b. two types of lymphocytes c. 3 types of external barriers

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