Quiz 3

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University of Nevada, Las Vegas *

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704

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Biology

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Jun 7, 2024

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docx

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Score for this quiz: 28.5 out of 30 Submitted May 31 at 10:24pm This attempt took 23 minutes. Question 1 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which statement is true regarding termination codons? Eighty codons are possible. Three codons signal the end of a gene. Seventy codons specify amino acids. Each amino acid has one codon. Three codons signal the end of a gene, and they are called stop or nonsense codons . Question 2 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which term describes a cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes? Aneuploid Monosomy Trisomy Tetraploidy The term aneuploid means that the cell does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes. Monosomy is the presence of only one copy of a given chromosome in a cell. Trisomy is the presence of three copies of a chromosome. Tetraploidy is a cell that contains 92 chromosomes. Question 3
1.5 / 1.5 pts Which term describes an allele with an observable effect? Homozygous Heterozygous Dominant Recessive Dominant alleles have effects that are observable. Homozygous is when two alleles at a locus are identical. Heterozygous is when the two alleles at a locus are different. Recessive alleles may be hidden. Question 4 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which statement is true regarding chromosomes? There are three cell types. The somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes. Gametes are diploid cells. Diploid cells are formed through meiosis. There are two cell types: somatic and gametes. Somatic cells are those that are not gametes (sperm and eggs). They have 46 chromosomes in the nucleus. These are also considered diploid cells. The gametes are haploid cells and have only 23 chromosomes. They are formed from diploid cells through meiosis. Question 5 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which statement describes the function of DNA polymerase? Synthesizes ribonucleic acid (RNA) from the DNA template
Synthesizes a polypeptide Performs base pairing in replication Splits DNA molecules The function of DNA polymerase is to assist with base pairing when replicating DNA. This enzyme travels along the single DNA strand, adding the correct nucleotides to the free end of the new strand. It also proofreads. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA. Translation is the formation of a polypeptide from RNA. DNA polymerase does not split DNA molecules. Question 6 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which statement is true regarding Alzheimer disease? Alzheimer disease affects 40% of the population older than 65 years of age. Alzheimer disease is characterized by progressive dementia and memory loss. It has one gene locus. Antidiuretic hormone is a key factor. Alzheimer disease affects approximately 5% to 10% of the population, age 65 years and older. It is characterized by progressive dementia and memory loss. There are multiple gene loci with three being identified. ADH is aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is responsible for alcohol metabolism. Question 7 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which statement is true regarding alcoholism? (Select all that apply.) Alcoholism is more prevalent in females than males. Individuals with the ALDH2*2 gene are less likely to become alcoholics.
Alcoholism clusters in families. Alcoholism requires an environmental component. An allele of the ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*2) results in excessive accumulation of acetaldehyde and thus in facial flushing, nausea, palpitations, and lightheadedness. Because of these unpleasant effects, individuals who have the ALDH2*2 allele are much less likely to become alcoholics. More than 100 studies have shown that alcoholism clusters in families. Genes increase one’s susceptibility to alcoholism, which means that alcoholism requires an environmental component, regardless of genetic constitution. Alcoholism is diagnosed in approximately 10% of adult males and 3% to 5% of adult females in the United States. Question 8 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which are congenital diseases in infants? (Select all that apply.) Cleft lip Clubfoot Hydrocephaly Obesity Although people are born with factors that may cause obesity, infants are not born with this condition present. All of the other choices are traits that are present at birth. Question 9 1.5 / 1.5 pts Which statement is true regarding the risks of developing a disease? Empiric risks are based on assumptions. Recurrence risk is higher if more than one family member is affected.
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