Semester_One_Final_Examinations__2019_BIOM1050

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Total This exam paper must not be removed from the venue Venue Seat Number Student Number | | | | | | | | | Family Name First Name School of Biomedical Sciences EXAMINATION Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences This paper is for St Lucia Campus students. Examination Duration: 120 minutes Reading Time: 10 minutes Exam Conditions: This is a Central Examination This is a Closed Book Examination - specified materials permitted During reading time - write only on the rough paper provided This examination paper will be released to the Library Materials Permitted In The Exam Venue: (No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones) Calculators - Casio FX82 series or UQ approved (labelled) Materials To Be Supplied To Students: 1 x Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Instructions To Students: Additional exam materials (eg. answer booklets, rough paper) will be provided upon request. Students are required to write their Name and Student Number on the front cover and each new section of the examination paper, as well as the MCQ marking sheet. Page

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Total For Examiner Use Only Question Mark

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 3 of 28 …….…..…..…….…...……. …………….…………………...………… ………….. Student Number Surname Initials SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE Recommended time = 80 minutes Number of questions = 40  Only ONE correct response is possible for each question  For each question indicate your answer (A – E) in the corresponding numbered space on the computer answer sheet  If you DO NOT know the answer, mark the “?” box on your answer sheet to gain 0.4 marks  Each question carries equal marks 1 Which type of movement is LEAST likely for a phospholipid in the cell membrane? [2 marks] A flexion of the carbon chain tails B flip-flop C lateral diffusion D rotation E bumping into proteins [50107] 2 Which cell component is dedicated to synthesising proteins? [2 marks] A chloroplast B lysosome C mitochondrion D vacuole E ribosome [50109] 3 Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence in terms of INCREASING order of complexity? [2 marks] A atoms, organelles, populations, molecules B organelles, cells, populations, ecosystems C molecules, tissues, atoms, ecosystems D tissues, organisms, cells, populations E biosphere, communities, organisms, tissues [50110]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 4 of 28 4 Sucrose weighs 342.3 g/mol. What is the molarity of sucrose in a solution of 100 g sucrose in 1 L of water? [2 marks] A 0.10 M B 0.29 M C 1 M D 2.9 M E 3.42 M [50111] 5 When glucose is broken down in the cell to generate ATP, the electron carriers used in the process include: [2 marks] A NADH B CO 2 C chlorophyll D the mitochondrial membrane E glycolysis [50113] 6 Which of these substances has the lowest concentration of hydronium ions? [2 marks] A lemon juice at pH = 2 B tomato juice at pH = 4 C rainwater at pH = 6 D household ammonia at pH = 11 E oven cleaner at pH = 14 [50114] 7 During semi-conservative DNA replication, [2 marks] A thymine is replaced with uracil B both strands of the original DNA are used as the template C only one strand of the original DNA is used as the template D both strands of the original DNA are destroyed and re-built E one strand of the original DNA is destroyed, while the other is used as a template [50115] 8 The sequence 5’ TTGCAGTA 3’ is the coding strand of a piece of DNA used by RNA polymerase to make an mRNA. What is the sequence of the DNA template strand? [2 marks] A 5’ UUGCAGUA 3’ B 5’ AACGTCAT 3’ C 5’ TACTGCAA 3’ D 3’ TTGCAGTA 5’ E 5’ TTGCAGTA 3’ [50116]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 6 of 28 12 Which of the following statements about the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A They mediate actions that are relatively fast, but slower than ligand-gated ion channels B Their ligands act on the receptor from the extracellular side of the membrane, without crossing the cell membrane C They mediate their responses by producing a second messenger D They are found inside cells E They are coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins in their signal transduction pathway [38014] 13 Which of the following statements about human skeletal muscle growth and development is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A Each muscle fibre is made up of a large number of embryonic cells B Muscle cells are striated by three months in utero C Adult males generally have greater muscle mass than adult females D Muscle atrophy is associated with disuse and ageing E Muscle makes up approximately 60% of the total weight of a young adult [49936] 14 Which of the following questions about muscle contraction is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A Calcium ions are released from the T tubule into the sarcoplasmic reticulum to begin the contraction process B The energy that is created during ATP hydrolysis allows the myosin head to extend ready to attach onto an actin binding site C As part of the contraction process, ATP is hydrolysed to create ADP and an inorganic phosphate D The power stroke causes a shortening of sarcomeres, and tension to be developed E At the end of the power stroke, myosin remains attached to actin until another ATP molecule attaches onto myosin [49937] 15 Which of the following sentences about human muscle tissue is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A Cardiac muscle is only found within the heart B Both cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated, which means that they have a striped appearance C Skeletal muscle cells are connected by intercalated disks, which allows electrical signal to pass from one cell to another D Skeletal muscle cells are long and thin, and also known as muscle fibres E Smooth muscle is found within the walls of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and the reproductive tract [49929]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 7 of 28 16 Which of the following sentences about muscle force is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A Sarcomere length influences the total amount of force that may be produced B The muscle’s physiological cross sectional area is dependent on muscle volume and muscle fibre length C Muscle force is influenced by the number of active single motor units D More force can be produced during a concentric contraction compared to an eccentric contraction E Both the series elastic component and the parallel elastic component of a muscle contribute to passive force development [49931] 17 Which of the following sentences about Hill’s mechanical model of the muscle-tendon unit is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A The perimysium layer is considered part of the parallel elastic component B The tendon is considered part of the series elastic component C Both the series elastic component and the parallel elastic component of a muscle contribute to passive force development D Titin is considered part of the contractile component E The contractile component relates to actin and myosin cross bridges [49932] 18 Which of the following sentences about skeletons is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A In an adult skeleton, some fibrous joints do not allow any movement B The skull, spine and rib cage are part of the human axial skeleton C A hydroskeleton is a hard covering on the outside of a body, like a shell D The human skeleton is important for support, protection and movement E The joints between our bones allow movement to occur [49933] 19 Which of the following sentences about muscle activation is INCORRECT? [2 marks] A A myoelectric action potential is the name given to an action potential that is travelling along a muscle fibre B Electromyography is the tool used to measure the activation of motoneurons in the spinal cord C The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction is acetylcholine D The neuromuscular junction forms the connection between the nervous system and the muscle fibres E Once generated at the level of a muscle fibre, the action potential travels along the fibre and into the T tubule [49935]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 9 of 28 24 Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing, whereas amphibia use positive pressure breathing. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT when comparing these two ways of breathing? [2 marks] A The diaphragm contracts during inhalation in humans B Exhalation occurs in humans when the volume of the chest cavity decreases C The lungs in humans and amphibia empty completely with each breath D Air enters the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is lower than that of the air outside the body in humans E Air is pushed into the lungs by forced airflow in amphibia Background for Question 25 and 26 [50196] Jason is doing some strenuous training to prepare for the upcoming athletics championships. Answer the following questions in relation to how oxygen reaches his muscles in sufficient amount to sustain him during the exercise. 25 Which of the following is a property of haemoglobin in Jason’s blood that allows him to obtain sufficient oxygen for his skeletal muscle fibres? [2 marks] A About 50% of the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin is already released in his tissues when Jason is resting before the exercise B Haemoglobin consists of a tetramer of four polypeptide subunits, sharing the interaction with one haem / Fe 2+ complex C Haemoglobin is approximately 75% saturated with oxygen at an oxygen partial pressure of about 15 mmHg, so that there is a large reserve available late in the exercise D About 50% of the oxygen binding capacity of haemoglobin is released when the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues is decreased from about 40 mmHg to 15 mmHg E Positive cooperativity results in the affinity of oxygen for haemoglobin progressively decreasing as more molecules of oxygen bind to the haem group [50198] 26 Jason is able to obtain an increased supply of oxygen from the haemoglobin in his blood during exercise because of the Bohr shift in the haemoglobin saturation curve. What is happening to the haemoglobin oxygen saturation curve due to the Bohr shift? [2 marks] A Changing CO 2 levels during exercise causes greater oxygen saturation of haemoglobin when the pH of blood decreases from 7.4 to 7.2 B Increased CO 2 causes more oxygen to be available to the tissues when the pH of blood decreases, for example from 7.4 to 7.2 C Increased CO 2 causes an increase in oxygen saturation of haemoglobin at a partial pressure of 100 mmHg D pH has no effect on the curve over the range of oxygen levels that will occur in Jason’s blood during exercise E Decreased O 2 causes more oxygen to be available to the tissues when the pH of blood decreases by approximately 1 pH unit [50199]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 10 of 28 27 The partial pressure of oxygen (pO 2 ) varies between its highest and lowest values in the circulation [2 marks] A to the same extent as the variation in partial pressure of CO 2 , i.e. by about 60 mmHg B to only a small extent, because it is dependent on active transport of O 2 across the systemic capillaries C by about 160 mmHg, because expired air does not contain any oxygen D more markedly than the variation in partial pressure of CO 2 E to the same extent as the variation in partial pressure of CO 2 , i.e. by about 5 mmHg [50197] 28 Which of the following statements about signalling is CORRECT? [2 marks] A Paracrine signalling only has local effects B Synaptic signalling requires a blood supply C Endocrine signalling is always faster than synaptic signalling D Neurohormones only have effects on cells in the brain E Neurotransmitters are used in endocrine signalling [32877] 29 Which of the following statements regarding steroid and polypeptide hormones is CORRECT? [2 marks] A Polypeptide hormones are lipid soluble, and therefore act on cell surface receptors B Steroid hormones are lipid soluble, and therefore act on intracellular receptors C Polypeptide hormones are water soluble, and therefore act on intracellular receptors D No amines are classified as hormones E Steroid hormones are water soluble, and therefore act on cell surface receptors [32193] 30 Endocrine systems are critical in your response to stress. Which one of the following does NOT occur as a response to stress? [2 marks] A Glucocorticoids break down protein and fat in an attempt to increase blood glucose levels B Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) activates the adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline C The long-term response to stress is mediated by the adrenal cortex D Mineralocorticoids increase blood volume and blood pressure E Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) activates the anterior pituitary to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [42512] 31 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding thyroid hormones? Thyroid hormones [2 marks] A are important for development into an adult in some organisms B have a very specific and limited number of target cells in the human body C are regulated by negative feedback loops at both hypothalamic and pituitary levels D require iodine for their formation E are important for maintaining homeostasis in some organisms [43173]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 12 of 28 36 You have created a 160 mM working solution of potassium chloride (KCl) using 1.2 mL of a 4 M stock solution of KCl. What is the final volume of this working solution? [2 marks] A 3 mL B 4.8 mL C 30 mL D 33.33 mL E 48 mL [49554] 37 Nerve “A” has 40 axons, each of which is 1 micrometre in diameter. Nerve “B” has 10 axons, each of which is 30 micrometres in diameter. If you recorded the peak and duration of the compound action potential from these nerves, you would expect [2 marks] A Nerve A to have a smaller peak and shorter duration than Nerve B B Nerve A to have a larger peak and longer duration than Nerve B C Nerve A to have a larger peak but duration would not be different from Nerve B D Nerve A to have a smaller peak and longer duration relative to Nerve B E Nerve A to have a larger peak and shorter duration than Nerve B [49555] 38 In an experiment using a stimulus strength that activates all axons in the sciatic nerve of the cane toad, increasing the temperature of frog Ringer’s solution that the nerve is bathed in will NOT affect [2 marks] A the time it takes for all axons in the bundle to complete the response B the latency of the compound action potential generated C the time it takes for the cell membrane to depolarise D the number of compound action potentials generated E the duration of the compound action potential generated [49556] 39 Which of the following statements about the peak contractile force (CF) generated by the gastrocnemius muscle of the cane toad is CORRECT? [2 marks] A Applying successive stimuli at a rate of 1 pulse per second (1 Hz) will lead to a greater peak CF than 20 pulses per second (20 Hz) B Decreasing stimulus strength above the voltage that recruits all motor units will lead to an increase in peak CF C Changing the passive force applied to the muscle will lead to a change in peak CF D Changing the position of stimulating electrodes will lead to a change in peak CF E Increasing stimulus strength above the voltage that recruits all motor units will lead to an increase in peak CF [49557]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 13 of 28 40 In an experiment investigating mechanical summation in a muscle, an appropriate negative control would be [2 marks] A the passive force applied to the muscle B the temperature of frog Ringer’s solution applied C a series of pulses delivered at high frequency D a single stimulus pulse E the strength of stimulus applied to the attached nerve [48552]

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 15 of 28 SECTION B – SHORT ANSWER Recommended time for this section is ten (10) minutes [JK] .............................................................. Student Number ……………………… Surname TOTAL 1 [Total Q1: 10 marks] Joe works as a pathologist at the Royal Brisbane Hospital, and has just received blood samples from FIVE (5) patients who are suspected of suffering from severe dehydration. Joe has conducted an experiment on how these red blood cells respond to different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) and obtained data on packed cell volume (%) as shown in Table 1 at part (b) of this question. Using your knowledge from the BIOM1050 Osmosis practical, answer the following questions. a) Describe the experimental design Joe would have used to obtain packed cell volume of red blood cells. You can use bullet points, but the description should be similar to the Methods section in your practical reports, including all important details and avoiding trivial aspects. [3 marks] [49543] CONTINUE WITH QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE /10

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 16 of 28 Question 1 cont. The results of Joe’s experiment are presented in Table 1. Data are mean values at each concentration. Table 1 [49548] b) In the “Controls” column of Table 1 (above), indicate the positive and negative controls for this experiment. [1 mark] c) Plot the values from this data set in the grid below. [1 mark] [49549] d) Provide suitable axis labels and a professional figure legend for the graph. [3 marks] [49550] Figure:

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 18 of 28

Semester One Final Examinations, 2019 BIOM1050 Biology for Health Sciences Page 19 of 28 SECTION C – SHORT ANSWER Recommended time for this section is ten (10) minutes [LL] .............................................................. Student Number ……………………… Surname TOTAL 2 [Total Q2: 10 marks] Proteins have an important role in the transport across cell membranes of key molecules that do not easily diffuse across the cell membrane by simple diffusion. a) Briefly compare and contrast the properties of channels and transporters in membrane transport. [2 marks] b) Explain how Na + /K + -ATPase can couple with a glucose transporter to achieve transport of glucose into cells against its concentration gradient. You may wish to use an annotated diagram. [3 marks] CONTINUE WITH QUESTION ON NEXT PAGE /10