MUS 100 Midterm

MUSIC 100 MIDTERM!!! Name: Sanai Davis Section: 204 Date & Time Completed: 10/20/23 9:59 Bonus: When is four half of five? The roman numeral for four is IV and the roman numeral for five is V. since I is half of IV four is half of five Instructions: Read through all of the directions first before beginning your exam. Make sure to complete all parts of the questions, and answer to the best of your ability. If you are stuck on a question, email Mr. Brusoe. Vocabulary: For each vocabulary term, provide a definition according to the following formula: Word You Are Defining: 1. What it is, 2. When it is, 3. Context, 4. Examples Mass: 1. The central worship of the Catholic Church that contains two sets of prayers, the Ordinary and the Propers, 2. Ancient times to the Modern Day, particularly popular during the medieval and Renaissance periods, 3. Often sung acapella either in chant settings or in polyphonic settings, 4. Examples include the Pope Marcellus Mass by Giovanni da Palestrina. 1. Impressionism: 1 . A French movement developed by visual artist who favored vague, blurring the image intended to capture an “impression” of the subject. Usually characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances,

parallel chords, rich orchestral tone colors, and free rhythm. 2. Impressionism became very apparent during the 19 th century. 3. Usually composers would use a poem or a piece of artwork as inspiration and combine the impressions of the art into their music. 4. Debussy’s Prelude to “ The Afternoon of a Faun ” 2. Ballet: 1. A dance form featuring a staged presentation of group or solo dancing with music, costumes, and scenery. 2 . During the 18 th century and baroque era, the ballet became very popular in France. 3. Many ballet performances were dances to an opera. 4. “ The Nutcracker ” by Peter Ilyich 3. Requiem Mass: 1. A roman catholic mass for the dead. 2. A product of the 19 th century . 3 . Composers would write requiem masses to give listeners that are grieving music they can relate to even if they are not religious. Brahm’s “A German Requiem ” 4. Singspiel: 1. Comic German drama with spoken dialogue; the immediate predecessor of romantic German opera. 2. A product of the 19 th century romantic era. 3. a long-established opera tradition. 4. Mozart’s The magic flute 5. Leitmotifs: 1. “ Leading motives”, or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea. 2. A product of the 19 th century romantic era. 3. Used often in Richard Wagner’s work 4. The Jaws theme song to let the audience know danger is coming. 6. Gesamtkunstwerk: 1. A total work of art. 2. Became apparent during the romantic era/ 19 th century. 3. Richard Wagner thought of opera as a work of art, with the combination of instruments, voices, poetry, and drama. 4. Richard Wagner’s The Ring of the Nibelung

suggests a scene and creates moods within the opera. 4. Debussy’s Prelude to “The Afternoon of the Faun,” 13. Program Symphony : 1 . a type of symphonic composition that is written to correspond to a narrative structure, sometimes accompanied by a narrative program to go along with the music. 2. During the 19 th century program music and the program symphony was very important and popular .3. This would be performed with an audience and sometimes royalty. 4. Hector Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique. 14. Etudes : 1. a short, tricky tune that a musician plays mainly for practice or to demonstrate skill . 2. Etudes is a product of the baroque era. 3. Musicians would use this for practice 4. Muzio Clementi ’s Gradus ad Parnassum (100 Exercises), Op. 44 15. Lied/Art Song : 1 . A song set to a high-quality literary text, usually accompanied, and intended for concert performance. 2. lied or art song was a product of the romantic era. 3. Mostly accompanied by a piano. 4. Franz Schubert’s “ Elfking ” 16. Song cycle: 1. A group of songs that are unified musically through their text. 2. The song cycle became apparent during the 19 th century. 3. Song cycles can allow musicians to explore a theme from different point of views or angles across multiple songs. 4. Beethoven’s “ An die ferne Geliebte” 17. Classical Sonata: 1. A structure combining sonata-allegro form elements with the refrain idea of a Ronda. 2. This happened during the classical and romantic era, around the 17th/18th century. 3. Usually used as A-B-A-C-A-B-A and is more ambitious. 4. Examples: Mozart Piano Sonata No. 13 in B-Flat Major, K. 333 (1783)

18. Rondo: 1. Musical form in which the first section recurs several times, usually in the tonic. In the classical multimovement cycle, it often appears as the last movement in various forms. 2. This was big during the Romantic era. 3. Holds a musical theme/idea and creates balance. 4. “ Fur Elise” by Beethoven 19. Concerto: 1. Instrumental genre in several movements for the solo instruments (or instrumental group) and orchestra. 2. The concerto is from the late Baroque era. 3. Performed by a soloist and has three movements. 4. “ Four Seasons” by Vivaldi. 20. Timber: 1. The quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another. 2. During the 18 th and 19 th centuries. 3. Used as a property of sound and tone. 4. A piano playing an A4 note in comparison with a guitar playing the same note. Multiple Choice: 1. Which of these poets belonged to the symbolist movement? (Circle all that apply) A. Henry Longfellow B. Paul Verlaine C. Maya Angelo D. Stephane Mallarme 2. Which of these composers belonged to the impressionist movement? A. Claude Debussy

A. Sleeping Beauty B. Blue Beard’s Castle C. Alice in Wonderland D. The Rite of Spring 7. How many movements are in Brahms’ German Requiem? A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9 8. Of the composers listed below, which ones wrote lieder (select all that apply)? A. John Dunstable B. Johannes Brahms C. Gabriel Faure D. Franz Schubert E. Robert Schumann 9.What era does Johannes Brahms belong to? A. Classical B. 20 th Century

C. Romantic D. Baroque 10.What country are Brahms, Beethoven and Bach from? A. Switzerland B. Germany C. Canada D. the Netherlands 11. Which of the following are operas by Giuseppe Verdi? A. Otello B. Aida C. Nabucco D. Rigoletto E. All of the above. 12. Giochino Rossini wrote in what musical style? A. Dodecaphonic B. Bel Canto C. Galant Style D. Serialism

B. Simon and Schuster C. Hugo and Delacroix D. Johnson & Johnson 17. Which piano cycle was the pinnacle of Fanny Hensel’s career as a composer? A. Poetic and Religious Harmonies B. Iberia C. The Year D. Gaspard de la Nuit 18. Who did Chopin dedicate his etudes to? A. George Sand B. Jane Sterling C. Robert Schumann D. Franz Liszt 19. How many lieder did Schubert write? A. Less than 100 B. 2,000 C. 345 D. More than 600

20. Which of these is an opera by Mozart? A. The Divorce of Figaro B. Boys are Like That C. The Magic Fruit D. Don Giovanni Bonus: 1. What does IMSLP stand for? A. International Music Store License Project B. Immemorial Masquerade Sequin Library Project C. International Music Score Library Project Short Answer Questions: 1. & 2. Describe the history of opera from the Baroque through the late 19 th century, based on what you have read in your textbook and listened to it. Be sure to include some discussion of musical elements. Include examples of major operas and their composers. (RE: what types of singing is involved? How are operas divided? What composers wrote operas? What genres of opera exist?) (3-4 paragraphs of at least 5-6 sentences each, can be longer). Opera is a highly expressive and diverse style of musical theater that evolved dramatically from the Baroque era to the late 19th century. Opera's history may be traced back to the late 16th and early 17th centuries in Italy, with the Baroque era witnessing its rise to popularity. Claudio Monteverdi, known for his opera " Orfeo ", was one of the earliest and most prominent opera composers of this period. In Baroque opera, there was a strong emphasis on the use of

music very formal, or passionate, or exciting? What kind of instruments and ensembles do they use? 3. Discussion of a couple (2-3) major works by the composer (4-5 sentences). 19 th Century: Giuseppe Verdi Giuseppe Verdi was a famous Italian composer who made significant contributions to the world of opera. He was born in Le Roncole, a small village in Northern Italy, in 1813, and later went to Busseto, where he got professional music training. Verdi's early career was clouded by personal tragedies and tribulations, but his breakthrough came with the opera "Nabucco" (1842), which was praised for its passionate choruses and patriotic themes. He finished Otello, his greatest lyric tragedy, at the age of 73. And, at the age of 80, he stunned the world with Falstaff (a comedic opera based on The Merry Wives of Windsor). Verdi died in 1901, in total, he wrote 28 operas. Verdi lived and worked mostly in Italy throughout his life, becoming a national hero for his musical works. Verdi's style is characterized by its emotional intensity and passionate expression. His operas are known for their dramatic power and memorable melodies. He often composed for large orchestras, utilizing lush instrumentation, including strings, brass, woodwinds, and percussion. His use of solo arias, duets, and ensemble numbers, combined with captivating choruses, creates a dynamic and engaging musical narrative. Verdi's operas are celebrated for their vivid characterizations and emotional depth, making them both musically and dramatically compelling. " La Traviata " (1853) and " Rigoletto" (1851) are two of Verdi's best- known operas. " La Traviata" is a tragic love story with the renowned aria " Sempre libera ," which demonstrates Verdi's ability to communicate the characters' passionate emotions. " Rigoletto " is a thrilling drama about vengeance and morality, with the famous quartet " Bella figlia dell'amore " demonstrating Verdi's knack for creating complex ensembles. Both of these operas demonstrate Verdi's ability to combine formal structure with deep passion, resulting in enduring operatic classics.

Early 20 th Century/Impressionist: Calude Debussy Maurice Ravel Romantic: Fanny Hensel Fanny Hensel was born November 14, 1805 in Hamburg, Germany. She is known for being a great female composer and pianist. She lived and worked primarily in Berlin and was a prominent figure in the musical circles of the early 19th century. Fanny Hensel was a sister of the renowned composer Felix Mendelssohn, and she composed under the influence and support of her brother, who was a strong advocate for her music. On May 13, 1847, she died abruptly of a stroke while preparing to perform a cantata written by her brother. Having lost his dearest companion, Felix died just six months later. Fanny Hensel's musical style is characterized by its romantic values. Her songs are noted for their lyrical melodies and expressive features, and they frequently emerge a feeling of passion and emotional depth. Her piano works highlight her skill and ability to compose complicated, introspective works. Hensel's music may be both formal and passionate, as she moves between structured patterns and emotive expressions, often evoking the Romantic era's mood. Fanny Hensel's " Das Jahr " (The Year) is a cycle of 12-character pieces for piano that represents the changing seasons and moods throughout the year. This piece showcases her ability to portray a variety of moods through music. Her " Lied ohne Worte " (Song without Words) for solo piano, which consists of a series of lovely, lyrical piano compositions, is also an important contribution to the genre. Though often disregarded during her lifetime, Hensel's music is increasingly being recognized for its beauty, depth, and place in the history of Romantic music. Classical/Baroque: J.S. Bach

artwork. Mussorgsky's objective with his music was to evoke a sense of Russian cultural identity. Question 9: Imagine you are able to go back in time and visit with a composer: Who would you choose and why? What would you ask them? How do you expect it would go? (This can be composers beyond those which we’ve studied). (5-6 sentences) If I could go back in time to speak to a composer I would speak to Mozart. Mozart is the most recognizable composer out of all of the composers we have studied. People who never even heard classical music before knows the name Mozart. I would like to meet Mozart because I would love to see his process when he creates his works. I would also love to tell him how popular he is even in the 21 st century. I would show him how music has advanced and all of the newly created genres. I would ask him: which genre is his favorite? Who is his favorite rapper (that I showed him)? Did he ever feel like other composers like Hayden were competition? I would expect the meeting would be fun and very knowledgeable. Question 10: Of the composers and genres that have been studied, which have you found most difficult, and why? Which have you found the most enjoyable, and why? (5-6 sentences) The most enjoyable genre to study was opera buffa. I loved how although it’s supposed to be a comedy opera, its turned out to be an opera that conveys raw human emotions. You would expect opera seria to demonstrate human emotions the best because it’s supposed to be a tragic opera. The least enjoyable genre to study was bel canto. The concept of “beautiful singing” being its own genre was kind of hard to grasp. I didn’t understand how all operas could not be considered as “bel canto.”