partAanth101finalproject (6)

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Anthropology 101 Final Project Part A Interview Preparation Outline I. Defining Anthropology: Anthropology is defined as “the study of human beings, their biology, their prehistory and histories, and their changing languages, cultures, and social institutions.” (Welsch et al., 2019, p. 4). Anthropology has four main subfields including archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistics anthropology. All of these subfields can use each other to help with their research. Archaeology is the study of past material remains. These materials can be bones, or man made objects and artifacts from anywhere in the world (Boudreau et al., 2022) . Archaeologists use the remains to tell the history of the artifacts. When doing enough research, they can tell us where the item came from, and during what time. Archaeologists can also see what the purpose of the item is, for example, they might find a tool that was once used in ancient Egypt that helped make jewelry. Biological anthropology, or physical anthropology, studies the biology of our past and present including primates. Biological anthropologists study the genetics of human, but also human evolution and diseases (Welsch et al., 2019, p. 8). An example of what a biological anthropologist might research is how our bodies adapted to our environment, or how closely related to primates the human race is. Cultural anthropology is the study of our social lives (Welsch et al., 2019, p. 8). They might focus on religion, politics, and economics. These anthropologists will observe a community for years, and record their everyday lives and how they survive. They record the behaviors of different cultures, but also compare them together to see how similar cultures are. And the final major subfield of anthropology is linguistics anthropology. This is the

study of communications and languages. Linguistic anthropologists try to understand humans through language (Rutherford, 2022). An example of what a linguistic anthropologist might research is how different communities can communicate with each other using different languages. When the subfields work together, they bring their best aspects to find the answers together. Let’s say an archaeologist finds an artifact with inscriptions of a foreign language that isn’t recognizable. A cultural anthropologist and a linguistics anthropologist could help identify the foreign language. The archaeologist can narrow down the time period, and the cultural anthropologist and linguistic anthropologist can work together finding similar inscriptions. They can all work together to identify who inscribed on the artifact, and what it says. II. Anthropological Perspective: A. Global cultural crises Global cultural crisis is important to view from an anthropological perspective because the way a culture behaves and their beliefs might differ from others, and it might cause problems with other cultures. Anthropologists can explain why they behave the way that they do. B. Biological crises A biological crisis is important to know from an anthropological perspective because something like obesity is becoming more and more common. Biological anthropologists can find if this is changing the way we adapt, and can affect our future. C. Environmental crises An environmental crisis could be displacing communities to conserve the history of the land.

III. Historical Perspective A. Provide an example of a historical anthropological contribution that has helped legitimize the field in the present day. Anthropological contribution during the HIV/AIDS epidemic helped handle the COVID- 19 pandemic (Ennis-McMillan & Hedges, 2020). Anthropologists and scientists used the past epidemic as a crutch to help figure out how to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. B. Provide an example of a way that cultural groups and individuals use their past to inform their everyday life. How are people the products of their past (or how are they not)? Make connections between cultural groups’ and individuals’ past and their current everyday lives. I would say that African Americans remind themselves everyday of the struggles their ancestors had, and the struggles that still happen today. They are products of their past because they still deal with racism and hate mostly for their melanin. C. Explain how people are (or are not) products of their familial past . Make connections between peoples’ family history and their present identity. A personal example of how people are products of their familial past would be how my family grew up in Greece with Greek traditions. We are Greek Orthodox and follow the Orthodox faith which was founded almost 2000 years ago. Most Greek people are Orthodox, and identify with this in their everyday lives. D. Explain how people are (or are not) products of their communal or regional past . Make connections between peoples’ communal or regional past and their present identity. Our every movement has changed throughout history, so we are products of our past because of how our past shaped us figuratively and literally. Our past diets, body modifications, daily activities, and migration patterns can all affect our present and future (Welsch et al., 2019, p. 70).

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References Welsch, R. L., Vivanco, L. A., & Fuentes, A. (2019). Anthropology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press Academic US. https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780190057381 Rutherford, D. (March 23, 2022). What is Anthropology? Sapiens. https://www.sapiens.org/language/what-is-anthropology/ Jebens, H. (2010). THE CRISIS OF ANTHROPOLOGY. Paideuma , 56 , 99–121. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41410361 Boudreau, D., McDaniel, M., Sprout, E., & Turgeon, A. (August 19, 2022). Archaeology . National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/archaeology Bidney, D. (1946). The Concept of Cultural Crisis. American Anthropologist , 48 (4), 534–552. http://www.jstor.org/stable/663395 Ennis-McMillan, M. C., & Hedges, K. (2020). Open Anthropology . American Anthropological Association. https://www.americananthro.org/StayInformed/OAArticleDetail.aspx? ItemNumber=25631

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